Culture And Ethnicity

What is culture?

A set of beliefs, values, and customs passed down through generations and shared among group members.

What are the components of culture?

Body of knowledge, body of belief, and body of behaviors.

What is coining?

A Chinese therapy involving rubbing oil onto the skin to release 'wind' believed to cause illness.

What is cupping?

A therapy to remove toxins and promote healing using suction on the skin.

What are the characteristics of culture?

Learned, dynamic, diverse, ethnocentric, and includes observable rituals.

What is race?

Dividing people into groups based on physical characteristics.

What is racism?

Belief that some races are inherently superior to others.

What is a subculture?

A group within a culture with distinct beliefs or behaviors, like hippies or truck drivers.

What is stereotyping?

Developing a fixed idea about a group or person, such as 'people from XYZ are lazy'.

What is cultural competence in nursing?

Providing care that is sensitive and appropriate to cultural beliefs and practices.

What is transcultural nursing?

Nursing practice that focuses on cultural values influencing health and illness behaviors.

What is experiential learning?

Learning through direct experience, especially outside traditional classrooms.

What is ethnicity?

A sense of identification with a cultural group based on heritage, language, food, and religion.

How do gender roles affect patient care?

In some cultures, one gender makes all the decisions, which can impact care planning.

How do food and nutrition vary culturally?

Preferences and preparation are influenced by culture; e.g., Muslims fast during Ramadan.

How do cultures differ in pain expression?

Some encourage open expression of pain, others encourage suppression.

What is personal space?

An individualized area that varies by culture; e.g., Arabs prefer closeness, Europeans prefer distance.

What is the 'culture of poverty'?

Low income creates a shared experience and lifestyle, including limited healthcare access.

What are personal care pattern differences?

Some cultures use traditional healing like herbs, acupuncture, or faith healing.

How can nurses convey cultural sensitivity?

Spend time, ask questions, show respect, assess interpreter and dietary needs.

What tools can help with language barriers?

Professional interpreters, universal phones, and apps like MediBabble and Canopy.

What is the difference between spirituality and religion?

Spirituality is about meaning and purpose; religion is an organized expression of spirituality.

What are common spiritual needs?

Need for meaning, love and relatedness, and forgiveness.

What is faith?

Confident belief in something without proof; it can be cultural or religious.

What is an atheist?

Someone who denies the existence of a higher power.

What is an agnostic?

Someone who believes we can't know whether a higher power exists.

What does spirituality involve?

Finding meaning, nurturing relationships, and feeling connected to something bigger.

What is spiritual development in infants?

Trust forms the basis of faith.

What happens spiritually in toddlers?

They begin to differentiate self and develop a sense of existence.

How do school-age children view spirituality?

They value belonging and develop abstract thinking about right and wrong.

What do young adults focus on spiritually?

Clarifying values and making life commitments.

What do adults and middle-aged focus on?

Spiritual growth and broadening worldviews.

What concerns older adults spiritually?

May have a limited worldview and focus on life meaning.

How does family influence spirituality?

Children learn more from example than words.

How does ethnic background affect spirituality?

Culture influences beliefs and practices.

How does religion shape beliefs?

It influences views on death and ethics.

How do life events impact spirituality?

They may affect deeply religious individuals more strongly.

How do nurses promote spiritual health?

Understand traditions, assess beliefs, offer support, and refer to religious professionals.

What are examples of spiritual assessment questions?

Who provides you with spiritual support? Are there beliefs important to your care?

What objective signs may show spiritual distress?

Facial expressions, posture, crying, appearance.

What are key spiritual nursing interventions?

Listen to hopes and fears, involve chaplains, respect family and culture.

How should nurses handle religious items before procedures?

Check if they can stay on; advocate for patient rights.

What if religious items must be removed?

Consult with spiritual leaders or family before removing them.