geography final

mullahs

Muslim leadership in Iran after the Islamic Revolution.

jews of medina

They rejected Muhammad's new religion of Islam. He later returned to invade, dominate, and oppress them with Islamic rule.

judaism

the monotheistic religion of the Jews - belief in God.

israel

A Jewish state on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean, both in antiquity and again founded in 1948 after centuries of Jewish diaspora.

proxy war

A war instigated by a major power that does not itself participate

hamas

A militant Islamic group, supported via proxy by Iran, that opposes peace with Israel and uses terrorism as a weapon.

Hezbollah

A radical Shiʿite Muslim organization that uses terrorism as a weapon that engages in guerrilla warfare against Israel - supported via proxy by Iran

nomads

People having no permanent home, and who travel from place to place to find fresh pasture for their livestock (or food, water, safety, etc.).

embargo

an official ban on trade or other commercial activity with a particular country.

sahara

A huge desert stretching across most of North Africa

genocide

Deliberate extermination of a racial or cultural group

apartheid

In South Africa, the policy or system of segregation or discrimination on grounds of race.

renewable recources

Natural resources that can be replaced.

hutu

The majority ethnic tribe in Rwanda who was responsible for the 1994 genocide

tutsi

The minority ethnic tribe in Rwanda who were victims of the 1994 genocide

drought

A long period of dry weather

indigeous people

People who first lived in a region or area

desertification

The process by which formerly fertile lands become increasingly arid, unproductive, and desert-like.

imperalism

A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, socially, and economically.

sanctions

Economic restrictions intended to enforce international law

nelson mandela

Leader of the African National Congress who was imprisoned and later became the first black president of South Africa

subsistence farming

farming in which only enough food to feed one's family is produced

shifting cultivation

A form of subsistence agriculture in which people move activity from one field to another; each field is used for crops for relatively few years and left fallow for a relatively long period.

commercial farming

growing large quantities of crops or livestock in order to sell them for a profit

cash crop

farm crop raised to be sold for money

conservation farming

Farming methods which aim to protect soil and water while at the same time providing a sustainable livelihood for the farmer

infastructure

the basic physical and organizational structures and facilities (e.g., buildings, roads, and power supplies) needed for the operation of a society or enterprise.

e-commerce

the buying and selling of goods over the internet

carrying capacity

the number of people, other living organisms, or crops that a region can support without environmental degradation.

habitat

the natural home or environment of an animal, plant, or other organism.

extinction

A species that no longer has any known living individuals.

poaching

Illegal hunting of protected animals

hyperinflation

A very rapid rise in the price level of everything and loss of value of currency; an extremely high rate of inflation.

colonization

To colonize is to settle in, and take control of, land outside your own borders. Usually, a large, powerful country colonizes a territory or area that's much less powerful.

third world country

Term that is roughly used to describe the developing countries of Africa, Asia, and Latin America. These countries typically suffer from high infant mortality, low economic development, and high levels of poverty.

boko haram

a Nigerian terrorist militant Islamist group that seeks the imposition of Shariah law throughout all 36 states of Nigeria - "Boko Haram" means Western education is forbidden.

domesticate

To tame; to bring plants or animals under human control & for human use

animist

pertaining to traditional religious beliefs in which nature and objects, such as animals and mountains, are thought to have spirits

sanitation

Disposal of waste products

patriarchal

A family that is headed by a male family member

a clan

A large group of people descended from the same ancestor

nuclear family

a family consisting of a husband, wife, and child(ren)

oral tradition

The practice of passing down stories from generation to generation by word of mouth

matriarchal

family ruled by a woman such as a mother, grandmother, or aunt

refugee

A person who has been forced to leave their country in order to escape war, persecution, or natural disaster

transition zone

Is a physical area in which land undergoes a radical change such as from arid to tropical.

racisim

Belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that racial differences produce an inherent superiority of a particular race.

prejudice

an unjustifiable (and usually negative) attitude toward a group and its members. Prejudice generally involves stereotyped beliefs, negative feelings, and a predisposition to discriminatory action.

tribalism

the behavior and attitudes that stem from strong loyalty to a group or groups.

aborigine

An area's original inhabitant.

culture hearth

A center where cultures developed and from which ideas and traditions spread outward.

dynasty

A ruling house or continuing family of rulers, especially in China.

ideogram

A pictorial character or symbol that represents a specific meaning.

atheist

The belief that there is no God.

restriction

A regulation that confines, limits, or restrains.

homogeneous

Of the same or similar kind; same enthicity

shogun

Military ruler in medieval Japan.

samurai

In medieval Japan, a class of professional soldiers who lived by a strict code of personal honor and loyalty to a noble.

cultural convergence

The mixing of cultures.

haiku

Form of Japanese poetry originally consisting of 17 syllables and three lines, 5-7-5 per line syllable pattern.

acculturation

Cultural modification of an individual, group, or people by adapting to or borrowing traits from another culture.

global

Of, relating to, including the entire world.

cultural divergence

a growing apart of cultures because of distinctly different political and economic systems.

population distribuation

a description of how individuals are distributed with respect to one another

migration

the movement of people from one place or region to another

culture

Beliefs, customs, and traditions of a specific group of people that are valued - what makes group UNIQUE

ethinic group

group of people who share common ancestry, language, religion, customs, or combination of such characteristics

communism

A theory or system of social organization based on the holding of all property in common, actual ownership being ascribed to the community as a whole or to the state; abolish all private property.

democracy

A political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them.

capitalism (free enterprise)

economic system in which individuals own and operate the majority of businesses that provide goods and services

capitalism

an economic system where private ownership and profit belongs to individual owners (people).

taiwan

an island in southeastern Asia 100 miles off the coast of mainland China in the South China Sea

hong kong

Hong Kong is an autonomous territory, and former British colony, in southeastern China

buddahism

the teaching of Buddha that life is permeated with suffering caused by desire, that suffering ceases when desire ceases, and that enlightenment obtained through right conduct and wisdom and meditation releases one from desire and suffering and rebirth

conmfuccianism

the teaching of Buddha that life is permeated with suffering caused by desire, that suffering ceases when desire ceases, and that enlightenment obtained through right conduct and wisdom and meditation releases one from desire and suffering and rebirth

emerging markets

Newly industrialized countries plus those with the potential to become newly industrialized

laos and cambodia

The Vietnam War extended to these two countries through the Ho Chi Minh Trail with led to both countries being the victims of bombing - which has resulted in unexploded bombs and minds, decades later, still dangerously laying in wait for civilians, children, etc. to accidently set them off.

shatter belt

A region where political alliances are constantly splintering and fracturing based on ethnicity

buffer zone

A neutral area serving to separate hostile forces or nations.

brand loyalty appeal

This technique tries to convince a person that one particular brand is better that all the others

false image appeal

This advertising technique tries to convince people that they will have a certain image by using a particular product or service

bandwagon appeal

This advertising technique implies that everyone that you know is using this brand.

humor appeal

This advertising technique contains something that sticks in your mind

humor appeal

This advertising technique contains something that sticks in your mind

Glittering generality appeal

This technique contains an exaggerated appeal that gets to your emotions.

scientific evidence appeal

This technique uses data from surveys and laboratory test results to try to convince you this product is the best

progress appeal

"The latest version is the best one to buy because it's new"

reward appeal

This advertising technique often offers a special prize, gift, or coupon

sex appeal

This technique tries to convince that a certain brand will make you more attractive and alluring beyond your wildest dreams

testimonial appeal

This technique uses a spokesperson, who sometimes is famous, to name the benefits of the of the product or service.

abstanence

wait till marrige

trimesters of pregnancy

- 1st trimester: week 1-13
- 2nd trimester: week 14-26
- 3rd trimester: week 27-40

sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)

infectious diseases spread from person to person through sexual contact

bacterial STDs

chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis

viral STDs

sexually transmitted diseases that are caused by viruses and are considered to be incurable

HIV/AIDS

Virus that destroys the immune system that should protect the body from diseases. The disease is passed from person to person through sexual acts, blood transfusions, used hypodermic needles, or from mother to child during birth.

mental disorder

an illness that affects the mind and reduces a person's ability to function, to adjust to change, or to get along with others

addictions

Habits that have gotten out of control, with a resulting negative effect on a person's health

nicotine

a stimulating and highly addictive psychoactive drug in tobacco

alcohol

depressant that is the intoxicating ingredient in whiskey, beer, wine, and other fermented or distilled liquors