20th Century Cold War, Middle East, and Post-Cold War

What event provoked Osama bin Laden and al-Qaeda to declare a jihad against the United States?

The Persian Gulf War of 1990-91

In which year did communist governments collapse in East-Central Europe?

1989

What was the name of Mikhail Gorbachev's reform campaign aimed at restructuring the Soviet economy?

Perestroika

Which East-Central European country experienced a non-violent 'Velvet Revolution' in 1989?

Czechoslovakia

What was the wave of antigovernment protests across North Africa and Southwest Asia in 2011 known as?

Arab Spring

Which regime constructed a wall in Berlin in 1961 to prevent defections to the West?

East Germany

Who were the Mujahideen in the context of the Soviet-Afghan War?

They made up the resistance to the Soviet Union in Afghanistan in the 1980s.

Was the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) founded in Afghanistan?

False

In what country was Pope John Paul II born, representing a challenge to communism?

Poland

Which country did the United States invade in March 2003 over concerns of weapons of mass destruction?

Iraq

What significant impact did Mikhail Gorbachev have as General Secretary of the Communist Party?

He helped to end communism in Eastern Europe and triggered the collapse of the Soviet Union.

In which year did the Soviet Union invade Afghanistan?

1979

What policy of Mikhail Gorbachev referred to greater 'openness' in Soviet society?

Glasnost

Which extremist group ruled Afghanistan from 1996 to 2001 and was known for human rights violations?

Taliban