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Schemes
a deviation from the ordinary pattern or arrangement of words
trope
a deviation from the ordinary and principal signification of a word
Parallelism
similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phases, or clauses
isocolon
parallel structure in which the parallel elements are similar not only in grammatical structure, but also in length. ex "to impress the ignorant, to perplex the dubious, and to confound the scrupulous" (hurston, their eyes were watching god).
Antithesis
the juxtaposition of contrasting words or ideas, often in parallel structure
Anastrophe
inversion of the natural or usual word order
Parenthesis-
insertion of some verbal unit in a position that interrupts the normal syntactical flow of the sentence
Apposition
placing side by side two co-ordinate elements, the second of which serves as an explanation or modification of the first
Ellipsis
the deliberate omission of a word or of words readily implied by the context
Asyndeton
deliberate omission of conjunctions between a series
Polysyndeton
deliberate use of many conjunctions
Alliteration
repetition of initial or medial consonants in two or more adjacent words
Assonance
the repetition of similar vowel forms, preceded and followed by different consonants, in the stressed syllables of adjacent words
Anaphora
repetition of the same word or group of words at the beginning of successive clauses
Epistrophe
repetition of the same word or group of words at the ends of successive clauses
Epanalepsis
repetition at the end of a clause of the word that occurred at the beginning of the clause
Anadiplosis
repetition of the last word of one clause at the beginning of the following clause
Climax
arrangement of words, phrases, or clauses in an order of increasing importance
Antimetabole
repetition of words, in successive clauses, in reverse gram?matical order
Chiasmus
reversal of grammatical structures in a successive clauses (but no repetition of words)
Polyptoton
repetition of words derived from the same root
Metaphor
implied comparison between two things of unlike nature
Simile
explicit comparison between two things of unlike nature
Synecdoche
figure of speech in which a part stands for the whole
Metonymy
substitution of some attributive or suggestive word for what is actually meant
Antanaclasis
repetition of a word in two different senses
Personification
investing abstractions for inanimate objects with human qualities or abilities
Hyperbole
the use of exaggerated terms for the purpose of emphasis or heightened effect
Litotes
deliberate use of understatement
Rhetorical question
asking a question, not for the purpose of eliciting an answer but for the purpose of asserting or denying something obliquely
Irony
--use of a word in such a way as to convey a meaning opposite to the literal meaning of the word
Onomatapoeia
use of words whose sound echoes the sense
Oxymoron
the joking of two terms which are ordinarily contradictory
Paradox
an apparently contradictory statement that nevertheless contains a measure of truth
