Harvesting Energy from Fuels

These flashcards cover key concepts and details from the lecture on harvesting energy from fuels, focusing on respiration processes and energy yields.

What is the role of photosynthesis in the energy circle of life?

It is the beginning of the path of energy through living systems.

What is the net energy yield of glycolysis?

Net 2 ATP and 2 NADH.

Where does glycolysis occur?

In the cytosol.

What happens to pyruvate if mitochondria have enough oxygen?

It is consumed in Pyruvate Oxidation.

What is the main output of the Krebs Cycle?

2 ATP, 6 NADH, and 2 FADH2.

What does the Electron Transport Chain require as the final electron acceptor?

Oxygen (O2).

How many ATP are produced at the end of the Electron Transport Chain?

About 28 ATP.

What is chemiosmosis?

The process that couples electron transport to ATP synthesis by allowing protons to diffuse through ATP synthase.

What are the final products of aerobic respiration from one glucose molecule?

30-32 ATP, 6 CO2, and 6 H2O.

What is the difference between aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration?

Aerobic respiration uses oxygen as the final electron acceptor, while anaerobic respiration uses organic or inorganic substances.

How are fatty acids catabolized for energy?

They undergo beta oxidation to form acetyl-CoA, which enters the Krebs Cycle.

What does the oxidation of one fatty acid yield?

Up to 13 ATP for each acetyl-CoA produced.

What is carbohydrate loading?

The practice of consuming large amounts of complex carbohydrates before an athletic event.

How are ATP yields from glycolysis compared to those from aerobic metabolism in mitochondria?

Glycolysis yields 2 ATP per glucose, while aerobic metabolism yields 30 ATP per glucose.

What are organic final electron acceptors in anaerobic respiration?

Lactate (lactic acid) and ethanol.

What happens during beta oxidation?

Fatty acids are oxidized in the mitochondria to produce acetyl-CoA and ATP.