Lab Exam 2 Study Guide

porifera

sponges

no symmetry

porifera key structures

no true tissues

how do porifera feed

diffusion

cnidaria

jellyfish, corals, anemones, hydras

radial symmetry

medusa

jellyfish

polyp

sea anemone

cnidaria key structures

stinging cells

platyhelminthes

flatworms

bilateral symmetry

platyhelminthes body cavity

3 germ layers- no coelom

nematoda

roundworms

bilateral symmetry

nematoda body cavity type

psuedocoelom

mollusca

snails, clams, squid, octopuses

bilateral symmetry

mollusca key structures

shell, radula, mantle

annelida

segmented worms

bilateral

annelida key characteristic

body segmentation

arthropoda

insects, spiders, crustaceans

bilateral symmetry

arthropoda key structures

exoskeleton, jointed appendages

echinodermata

starfish

sea urchins sand dollars

echinodermata larvae

bilateral symmetry

echinodermata adult

radial symmetry

echinodermata key structures

water vascular system, tube feet

echinodermata type of skeleton

calcium carbonate

Which invertebrate phylum includes organisms with two main body plans, the medusa and the polyp?

Cnidaria

Flatworms belong the invertebrate phylum Annelida

False

Which of the following is a characteristic of the phylum Porifera?

Lack of true tissues

Which invertebrate phylum includes organisms with a segmented body plan?

Annelida

Vertebrates have a closed circulatory system, meaning

blood is contained within vessels and pumped by a heart

how many chambers do fish have?

2

how many circuits do fish have?

1

What is the special purpose of gills?

Oxygen diffuses into the blood, and carbon dioxide diffuses out

how many chambers do amphibians have?

3

how many circuits do amphibians have?

2

What is the special purpose of the skin in amphibians?

Gas exchange- absorb oxygen and release carbon dioxide through moist skin

how many chambers do reptiles have?

3

how many circuits do reptiles have?

2

how many chambers do mammals/birds have?

4

how many circuits do mammals/birds have?

2

How does this circulatory system meet the high metabolic needs of mammals/birds?

The complete separation of oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood ensures that only oxygenated blood is pumped to the body.

Allows for efficient delivery of oxygen and nutrients to tissues

epithelial tissues

cover the body surfaces and line body cavities

connective tissues

provides support, structure, and protection to the body's organs and tissues

muscle tissues

responsible for movement and generating force within the body

nervous tissue

specialized for transmitting electrical signals and coordinating communication between different parts of the body

simple squamous tissue

single layer of fried-egg shaped cells

Stratified squamous epithelium

multiple layers of fried-egg shaped cells

Simple cuboidal epithelium

single layer of cube-shaped cells

Stratified cuboidal epithelium

multiple layers of cells with cube-shaped cells at the surface

Simple columnar epithelium

made of a single layer of cells that are taller than they are wide (columns)

Stratified columnar epithelium

multiple layers of cells with the taller cells at the surface

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

only has a single layer of cells, but they are irregular and appear to have more than one layer

Transitional epithelium

multiple layers and has the ability to stretch

Which type of epithelial tissue is found lining blood vessels

simple squamous epithelium

Which type of epithelial tissue is found on the outer layer of your skin

stratified squamous epithelium

Which type of epithelial tissue is found in the air sacs (alveoli) of your lungs?

simple squamous epithelium

Small intestine lining has special projections called _________ that increases absorption of nutrients.

villi

bone

cells in a calcified matrix

blood

fluid matrix containing cells

cartilage

more flexible than bone and has more collagen fibers

adipose

fat storage

skeletal muscle

striated, has multiple nuclei in each cell, and under voluntary control

cardiac muscle

striated, looks branched, and under involuntary control

smooth muscle

not striated, spindle-shaped, and under involuntary control

nervous tissue

consists of neurons and supporting cells called neuroglia

transmitting electrical signals and coordinating communication

pH

reflects the concentration of hydrogen ions and serves as a critical measure of its acidity or basicity

Oxygenated Blood

Aorta

Left Ventricle

Atrioventricular valve between left atrium and left ventricle (biscuspid or mitral valve)

Deoxygenated Blood

Right atrium

Pulmonary Arteries

Inferior Vena Cava

order starting with right atrium

right atrium

pulmonary trunk (arteries)

pulmonary veins

left atrium

left ventricle

aorta

systematic circuit

left ventricle

aorta

pulmonary circuit

right ventricle

pulmonary trunk

lub

atrioventricular valves (mitral and tricuspid valves) closing

dub

semilunar valves (pulmonary and aortic valves closing)

The blood carried in your veins as part of the systemic circuit (returning to your heart) is blue because it is deoxygenated.

false