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Dust bowl occured in this state primarly
Kansas
What is the major type of soil erosion in Illinois
Water
There is a total of _______ soil forming factors
five
O + A + E + B Horizons = _______
solum
O + A + B + C Horizons = ________
Regolith
Sand is a _______ texture in soil - Palm test from Lab
coarse
Clay has a ______ texture in soils - Texture test in Palm
fine
The darker the soil the more __________________
organic content
Minerals make up ______% of the soil.
50
Organic matter is up to ____% in soils
5
The soil sphere of an earth is called ___________
pedosphere
In the example of 10YR 4/1 - 10YR resemebles what?
Hue
In the example of 10YR 4/1 - the 4 is what?
Value
In the example 10YR 4/1 - the 1 is what?
Chroma
Which particle has the smallest size in soil?
Clay
The largest particle in soil is?
Sand
This soil classification of structure is angular or subangular
Blocky
Horizontal stacks that can be seen in soil are ____ ____
plate like
Single-grained soils are considered
Structureless
Large clods, difficult to break pieces of soil are called
Massive
The A horizon has less _____
clay
B horizon is mostly _____
clay
Movement of materials between horizons is a soil forming process. What is the name of this process?
Translocation
Fallen plant leaves and sloughed off roots are considered ________ to soil formation
Additions
What are the major chemical elements that make up rocks.
Silicon and Oxygen
This parent material corroded in place
Residium
This parent material is usually located in riverbeds and floodplains.
Alluvium
This parent material is usually located near mountains, it’s a result of movement.
Colluvium
This city has never been glaciated in Illinois. Hint: NW IL
Galena
Unsorted, deposited in irregular areas, from glaciers is called?
glacial till
Meltwater from glaciers is the major factor of this parent material. Stratified is the important factor to remember.
Glacial outwash
This parent material occurs from wind blown dust
Eolian
This material is characteristic of Illinois soils. It is an Eolian deposit, from wind.
Loess
Which areas of Illinois have the thickest Loess
Western
In which environment would you find Organic deposits?
Marshes, Swamps
The higher the temperature, the higher the ______ of regolith
weathering
A soil under a forest, or a soil under a prairie will be better developed?
Prairie
Humans have a mostly _____ effect on Soils
Negative
A soil formed in a valley that consistently floods will have _____________ soils
alluvial
This sloping soil example is very important in soil development.
Catena
What is the first horizon that appears in soil formation in Forests?
O Horizon
What is the first horizon to appear (after O)
A Horizon
Illuvial horzion is a horizon which ______ material
gains
Elluvial horizon _______ profile development
loses
Where does the C horizon occur?
Bottom
Which soil horizon is not apart of the Solum?
C
Between a forest and a prairie soil, which soil will have a better profile development?
Prairie
Why do prairie soils have better development?
Grasses
This major subtype has strong gleying and mottling, it also usually causes flooded basements. B_
g
Accumulation of carbonates in a subtype is classified as B_
k
Accumulation of sodium in a soil subtype is B_
n
Plowing subtype for soil B_
p
Accumulation of clay in soil subtype is B_
t
A weakly developed horzion is a B_
w
Hard, dense, loamy layer that restricts water flow. Fragipan. B_
x
This epipedon is most common in Illinois, places with prairies
Molic
The molic epipedon has a high _________ content
organic
Umbric epipedon is like mollic but more ________
acidic
Umbric epipedon forms in areas with ________ rainfall
high
Melanic epipedon is formed of _________
volcanic ash
Histic epipedon is formed in ________ environments
wet
This epipedon has a thick organic horizon, formed in wet areas
histic
Entisol forming factor is ______
time
The most common diagnostic subsurface horizon in Illinois soils, characterized by illuvial accumulation of clay.
argillic
The majority of Illinois soils are classified according to this moisture regime.
udic
The uppermost taxonomic category for soil classification.
order
Sand dunes are classified in this order
Entisols
Soils formed under coniferous fores in cool, northern climates
Spodosols
Dark cracking clay soils formed under grassland
vertisols
Soils in a catena differ in
drainage
In the mapping until 194D2, the last digit (2) designates
Erosion class
Detailed soil survey maps cover acreage to show _________ __________
township sections
Argillic horizion is characteristic due to its accumulation of _____
clay
Natric horizon is called a Btn horizon because of what two features?
Clay, Na
A cambic horizon will have ________ depletion
carbonate
Kandic horizon is a ___ ________ clay.
low activity
Oxic horizons are formed in what kind of climate?
humid tropical
A spodic horizon can be found in ______ soils.
forest
This horizon is found in cool, humid climates, usually in forested areas.
Spodic
This horizon is found in arid/semi-arid regions, it’s characteristic is CaCO3 accumulation.
Calcic
Out of the 19 subhorizions, which one is Eluvial?
Albic
Aquic subhorizon is usually _________ with water
saturated
Udic subhorizions are common in Illinois, what is a characteristic of this horizon?
humidity
This subhorizon is found in areas with drought periods
Ustic
This subhorizon is found in arid regions
aridic
A common subhorizon in California (San Diego) and the Mediterranean.
Xeric
Alfisols are usually found in what type of biome
deciduous forests
Ultisols are formed in _________ climates
warm tropical
This soil classification is formed in tropical rain forests and is red/reddish-yellow in color.
Oxisols
This soil class develops in bogs, marshes and swamps. It is very sensitive if moved, and can cause shrinkage of the soil (ex. Florida).
histosols
This soil is dry and has limited profile development. It usually occurs in Africa, Australia (dry climate)
Aridisol
Permafrost is the identifying factor of this soil order:
Gelisols
Class _ are deep and well drained soils. Best for agricultural purposes.
1
This class of soils has no commercial production
8
This class is suitable for pastures but not good for cropping
5
This erosion type wears down hills and mountains
geological
Which region will have the worst erosion?
semi-arid
This water feature does significant damage via Kinetic Energy to erode soils
rainfall
This water feature uses gravity, flow velocity and carries soil particles downslope
runoff
This water feature forms deltas from its delivery of eroded soil
Deposition