Nutrition 202 Module 8 Water and electrolytes

how elements in a water molecule allow other particles to dissolve in water

Hydrogen is slightly + and Oxygen side is slightly - which allows water to attract other molecules. Substances which are also charged can dissolve in it

body compartments in which water is found

Intracellular- about 60% of body water
Extracellular- about 40% of body water.

sources of water intake and loss

Intake- beverages, foods, metabolic water (from breakdown of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, about 1-1.5 cups a day)
Losses- urine, feces, insensible losses (sweating or air expiration)

how water intake and retention is regulated in the body

1800-2100 mL (7.6-8.9 cups)

Risk factors for developing hyponatremia and dehydration

water intoxication, excessive water loss via sweat, vomiting and diarrhea.

functions of water and electrolytes in the body

when placed in water, electrolytes become charged particles resulting in Sodium (primary cation in extracellular fluid), Potassium (primary intracellular cation), and Chloride (an anion, more concentrated in extracellular fluid

food sources of sodium and potassium

sodium- processed foods, corned beef, cream soup, bran flakes, salt, McDonald's cheeseburger
Potassium- fruits and vegetables, legumes, milk, meats, whole grains

adequate intake values for sodium, potassium and water in adults

Sodium- 1500mg
Potassium- 4700 mg
Water- 1800-2100mg

the organ responsible for water and waste elimination in the body

kidney

how the proposed updates to the food label may help improve sodium and potassium intake

sodium- required on food labels, so people can see when a food is extra high in sodium.
potassium- actually shows potassium on the label now.

the systolic and diastolic blood pressures that correspond with a diagnosis of hypertension

Systolic-130-139 for stage 1 and stage 2 140+
Diastolic- 90+

the minerals that may influence blood pressure

sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium

DASH diet (include the list of minerals that the diet is a good source of and the food groups these minerals are found in)

Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension-
- Increased fruits and vegetables (increases potassium)
- Increased whole grains (increased magnesium)
- Low fat dairy (increased calcium)
- Lower saturated fat

diet/lifestyle changes recommended to improve blood pressure and prevent or treat hypertension

DASH, lower sodium intake, avoid or limit processed foods, fast foods, because of preservatives

blood pressure and hypertension chart

normal- systolic BP