Unit 4 - Part 3 - Social: Group Behavior, Aggression, Attraction, Altruism, Conflict, and Peacemaking

A complete set of 33 vocabulary flashcards derived from the lecture notes on social psychology, focusing on group dynamics, relationships, and human behavior.

Social Facilitation (486)

People perform better on simple tasks when in the presence of others, but worse on difficult tasks.

Social Loafing (487)

Individuals may exert less effort when working in a group compared to when working alone.

Deindividuation (487)

The loss of self-awareness and self-restraint in group situations that foster anonymity and arousal

Group Participation (489)

Group discussions that strengthen the prevailing attitudes of members (making them extreme).

Groupthink (491)

Group prioritizes harmony and consensus over critical thinking, leading to poor decision-making.

Culture (491)

Shared beliefs, values, traditions, and behaviors of a group that are passed down to the next generation.

Tight Culture (492)

Strong norms and low tolerance for deviance, individuals are expected to strictly follow rules (China)

Loose Culture (492)

Weaker norms and greater tolerance for deviance, individuals have more personal freedom (U.S.)

Aggression (496)

Any physical/verbal behavior intended to harm someone, whether out of anger or as a means to an end.

Frustration-Aggression Principle (498)

Frustration, being blocked from achieving a goal, creates anger/aggression.

Social Script (499)

A culturally modeled guide for how to act in various situations (often told via the media, schools, etc.)

Proximity (Attraction)

Physical or psychological closeness increases attraction.

Physical Attractiveness (Attraction)

A key factor in first impressions and social relationships.

Similarity (Attraction)

People tend to be attracted to others with similar interests, beliefs, and values.

Mere Exposure Effect (504)

The tendency to develop a preference for things or people simply because they are familiar.

Passionate Love (509)

An intense, emotional form of love characterized by physical attraction and deep connection.

Companionate Love (510)

A deep attachment that develops over time, based on mutual respect, trust, and commitment.

Equity (510)

A condition in which people contribute and receive in a relationship in a fair and balanced manner.

Self-Disclosure (511)

The act of sharing personal thoughts, feelings, and experiences with others, which builds intimacy

Altruism (514)

Selfless concern for the well-being of others, often leading to acts of kindness without expecting anything.

Bystander Effect (515)

The tendency for individuals to be less likely to help in an emergency when others are present

Case of Kitty Genovese (1964)

A famous case in which a woman was murdered in New York while multiple witnesses reportedly failed to intervene

Diffusion of Responsibility (515)

The tendency for people to feel less responsible for taking action when others are present, assuming that someone else will step in.

Social Exchange Theory (517)

People help others when the benefits outweigh the costs.

Reciprocity Norm (517)

The expectation that people will return favors and respond kindly to those who help them.

Social-Responsibility Norm (517)

Individuals should help those who depend on them, such as the elderly or children.

Conflict (518)

A perceived incompatibility between actions, goals, or ideas, often leading to social tension or hostility.

Social Trap (518)

Individuals act in their own self-interest, leading to negative outcomes for the group (e.g., pollution)

Prisoner’s Dilemma (519)

A social psychology game that illustrates how cooperation and competition affect decision-making, showing that acting in self-interest can sometimes lead to worse outcomes for everyone.

Mirror-Image Perceptions (519)

The tendency for opposing groups to see each other in a similarly negative way

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy (519)

A belief that leads to its own fulfillment, expectations influence their behavior.

Superordinate Goals (520)

Shared goals that require cooperation between groups, helping to reduce prejudice and conflict.

GRIT (521)

A conflict resolution strategy in which one side initiates small, conciliatory gestures to encourage mutual de-escalation and cooperation.