Motor Control

Explain the degrees of freedom problem related to motor control:

known as multiple ways to perform a movement to achieve the same goal, leaving the question of how the brain chooses a course of actions among infinite ones

"Freezing" is known as ...

reducing number of movement options available

The Cerebellum inputs from the SC and cortex, and outputs to the ______________

brainstem

The Cerebellum adjusts motor output with _____________ signals

a. motor

b. sensory

b

The main function of the _____________ __________ is decision making, eye movement, spatial attention, and motor output

basal ganglia

The motor circuit of the basal ganglia regulates muscle contraction, muscle force, multi joint movements, and the sequence of movements using 3 pathways, what are they?

stop, go, nogo

Output from motor circuit regulates 3 activities, what are they?

posture and girdle mm activity, voluntary mm activity, and walking

The ___________ ____________ controls voluntary movements, and provides descending motor output

motor cortex

A lesion of the motor cortex would result in loss of ...

fractionated movement (as it controls fine movements of head and face)

The premotor cortex controls goal oriented actions, and _________________ movements

prepares (lesion would affect speed and automatic movements)

The supplemental motor area controls the _________________ of movement

inititiation (and faster/more complex movements)

Which model is controlled by top-down control from the brain > PNS?

a. hierarchical

b. heterarchial

a (most voluntary movement - punching someone in face)

In which model can the command by lower level override that of the higher level? This also is distributed in parallel and affects multiple areas at multiple levels

a. hierarchical

b. heterarchial

b

T or F: The system model uses an interaction of a single variable which results in unique movement output

F; uses multiple variables

What is known as a centrally structured plan of action that can control mvmt. w/o much involvement from peripheral feedback?

motor program (how one holds a writing utensil)

What is known as the general rule about the relationship b/w the initial parameters or conditions of mvmt. And the outcomes produced by the mvmt., including expected sensory outcomes?

programming rule

Evidence supporting concept of motor programs states that movement is possible but that ___________ movements cannot be modified by sensory feedback

rapid

An example of someone following a recipe or picking up water to drink it is an example of when motor control is in-...

a. series

b. parallel

a

An example of someone driving, walking, or talking are examples when motor control is in-...

a. series

b. parallel

b

What type of sensory information would be utilized during and after the task, instructing what could be done differently (i.e., pt realizing they aren't lifting themselves high enough when transferring)?

a. feedforward

b. feedback

b

What type of sensory information is given to before hand, setting up the environment?

a. feedforward

b. feedback

a

Which model of motor control suggests that movement results from the interaction of multiple systems working in synchrony to solve a problem?

a. systems model

b. dynamic model

systems model (an athlete doing good in practice and performing well in games)

Which model of motor control specifically refers to force production, speed of movements, and physics? Proposing that movement is produced from the interaction of multiple subsystems within the person, task, and environment?

a. systems model

b. dynamic model

b

What is meant by the ecological theory of motor control?

motor systems allow us to interact with the environment for goal oriented behaviors/mvmts (less dictating, more try and fail by pt)