AP Bio Unit 2 Cells

chloroplast

makes carbohydrates, converts light energy into chemical energy by capturing light energy and storing it in bonds of chemical compounds

nucleus, ribosomes, mitochondria, chloroplast

parts of the cell that contain nucleic acids

ribosomes

connect amino acids together; molecular machine that makes proteins

Cell membrane, Nucleus, Golgi Apparatus, Rough ER, Smooth ER, Vesicles, Mitochondria, Chloroplast, Lysosome, Large Central Vacuole

parts of the cell that contain lipids

golgi apparatus

modifies and sorts proteins; manufactures polysaccharides (carbohydrates), sorts/packages materials into transport vesicles

vesicles

small balls of membrane that moves materials within the cell

cytoskeleton

supports the shape of the cell; resists changes in osmotic pressure with hard to penetrate border; composed of microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments

rough ER

where proteins that are going to be secreted from the cell are made; also makes proteins going to other organelles in cells and is membrane factory for the cell

mitochondria

uses food energy to make ATP; site of cellular respiration which converts sources of chemical energy from one type to another

lysosome

breaks down wastes, hydrolyzes proteins, fats, polysaccharides and nucleic acids and recycles organelles and macromolecules

central vacuole

stores water in plant cells; holds organic compounds and water

smooth er

synthesizes/makes lipids for the cell, metabolizes carbohydrates, stores calcium, and detoxifies poisons

nucleus

stores and protects DNA and makes instructions for protein synthesis/cell function

facilitated diffusion

The use of carrier proteins or channels through the membrane to move material from high concentration to low concentration is

active transport

The use of "pumps" through the membrane to move material from low concentration to high concentration is

exocytosis

The use of vesicles to move material through the membrane from inside to outside the cell is

endocytosis

The use of vesicles to move material through the membrane from outside to inside the cell is

true

true or false: The maintenance of the resting potential of a neuron requires energy

water will diffuse out of the cell and will shrink

If a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, what will happen?

nucleolus

located in nucleus and synthesizes ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and assembles ribosomes

nuclear envelope

encloses the nucleus and separates it from the cytoplasm (double membrane)

nuclear pore complexes

allow material to pass in and out of nucleus (RNA go to ribosome)

chromatin

complexes of chromosomal DNA and proteins

endomembrane system

regulates protein traffic and performs metabolic functions in the cell