AP Euro - Renaissance

Renaissance

French for rebirth, new ideas, able to flourish because of wealth

Patronage

Wealthy Italians give money to artists to make art for them, to demonstrate wealth

Communes

Sworn associations of free men, mainly merchants

Popolo

Common people, lived in Commune cities but disenfranchised (had no power basically)

Signori

One man ruled and passed down to son, both title and type of government

Courts

Households of wealthy, show off money and art, held business and personal matters, courtiers

Humanism

Main intellectual component of Renaissance, human nature and achievements are worthy of contemplation, emphasis on emulating the classics, not completely secular or religious, education is very important

Virtu

The spirit of human power, power of man, from Machiavelli, ability to shape the world around you according to your will

Christian humanists

Northern Europeans taking humanist ideas and mixing them with Christian ideas and trying to reform the church

New Christians

Jews and Muslims in Spain who converted to Christianity

Savonarola

Friar who hated money and power, anti-humanist thought was too secular, very late 15th century, ruled florence during time when Medicis were kicked out 1492, Bonfire of the Vanities

Petrarch

Founder of Humanism, 14th century, ancient Rome was perfection, hunted down Latin manuscripts, ignore "dark" ages

Julius II

pope early 16th century, more political than theological, patron of Raphael and Michelangelo

Leo X

Medici pope, started selling indulgences, heavy spender

Raphael

Artist, The School of Athens, late 15th-early 16th centuries

Ideas in renaissance art

to depict perfect beauty, realism, color, depth, religious ideas, individual portraits, mannerism

Boticelli

Renaissance artist

Why was the renaissance in Italy

Commerce and trade, banking, feudalism less of a thing in Italy, strong antiquity (remarkable backstory)

Condottieri

Powerful military leaders

King Charles VII

French king, invaded Italy very end of 15th century

Habsburg-Valois wars

Series of conflicts between France and HRE in Italy

Medici

Powerful Florentine banking family

Giorgio Vasari

Art historian, 16th century, first to actually use Renaissance in print

Leonardo Bruni

Divided history into ancient, medieval, and modern; late 14th-early 15th century

Platonic ideal

Plato's emphasis on spiritual and eternal over material and transient, goes with Christian ideas, Plato was the hot stuff to Florentine humanists

Mirandola

Late 15th century, humanity is the crucial link with both material and spiritual traits, hierarchy of God down to bugs type thing

Lorenzo de' Medici

Grandson Medici, 15th century, big patron of the arts

Cosimo de' Medici

Grandfather Medici, late 14th-mid 15th century, "Better a city ruined than lost"

Leonardo da Vinci

"Renaissance Man", golden ratio, Mona Lisa, mid 15th-early 16th century

Printing press

The most important invention of the Renaissance, ideas could spread much faster now, people becoming more literate, vernacular

Thomas More

Christian humanist, author of Utopia 1516, ideal society satire, late 15th-early 16th centuries, executed by Henry VIII

Michelangelo

Artist, painted Sistine Chapel 1508, David

Christine de Pizan

Writer defending women's abilities, late 14th-early 15th centuries, The Book of the City of Ladies

Monarchs in the Renaissance

gained more power cause feudalism broke down, ability to tax, had armies, etc.

Who were Ferdinand and Isabella

King and Queen of Spain, Spanish Inquisition

Erasmus

Late 15th-early 16th centuries, The Praise of Folly 1509 satire, Christian humanist, middle path of extremism

Alexander VI

Father to Cesare Borgia, pope 1492-1503, political

Cesare Borgia

Late 15th-early 16th centuries, hero of The Prince, ruthless

What happened in 1492

Lorenzo died, Medicis were cast out of Florence, big deal, related to lots of stuff, also Columbus sailed the ocean blue or whatever

What was a result of France invading Italy

Became a playground for foreign armies' wars

Machiavelli

Political theorist, late 15th-early 16th centuries, tortured by Medicis, The Prince (1513), the ends not the means, fear better than loved, lion and fox, seen as realistic cynical and ironic, Machiavellian not accurate term

Civic humanism

Educated men should be active in the political affairs of their city, whether through republicanism or Plato's philosopher-king

Castiglione

Author of The Courtier (1528), about the ideal courtier (wow), also ideal court lady, book was later translated a lot and widely read

Social hierarchies

Gender, role of women; race, slavery; wealth hierarchy