BIO transport in plants

Transport in plants

The process in which substances which are absorbed or synthesised in a particular of the plant are moved to other parts of the plants

Which system carries transport in plants

Vascular system or conducting system (Xylem and Phloem)

Which tissue carries water in plants

Xylem

what does xylem consist of

Trachieds

Vessels

Xylem parenchyma

Xylem fibres

Trachieds

Are elongated dead cells with tapering ends. These cells have thickenings with lateral pores. These cells provide mechanical strength and support in addition to conducting water and minerals upwards

Vessels

These are tube like structures open at both ends. These cells are placed end to end to form long channels. Just like trachieds provide mechanical strength and support along with conducting water and minerals

Xylem parenchyma

Are small thick walled living cells which store food and help conduct water and minerals

Xylem fibres

Thick walled long narrow cells with tapering ends. They provide only mechanical support to the plant

Lower segment of xylem

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Function of xylem

To transport water and minerals from the roots to the aerial parts of the plant

Which parts of xylem provide mechanical support to the plant

Trachieds

Vessels

Xylem fibres

Xylem rings

The rings seen in the trunk of a tree cut transversly. The age of the tree is determined by these

What tissue transports food in plants

Phloem

What does phloem consist of

Sieve tubes

Companion cells

Phloem parenchyma

Phloem fibres

Sieve tubes

Are formed of cylindrical cells that are devoid of any nucleus. They are seen arranged in vertical rows and placed end to end. The ends of these cells are perfortrated and called sieve plates. Through these cells food materials pass through

Companion cells

Are thin walled living cells that are seen attached to the sieve tubes. They help in transportation

Phloem parenchyma

Are thin walled parenchymatous cells which store food

Phloem fibres

Dead sclerenchyma fibres formed of elongated cells which provide mechanical strength and support to the plant

Function of phloem

To transport food manufactured in the leaves to other parts of the plant

What do phloem parenchyma and phloem sclerenchyma do

Phloem parenchyma stores food

Phloem fibres provides mechanical support

Differences between xylem and phloem

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Translocation of solutes

The process in which glucose is converted into starch and then to sucrose solution for transportation

Property of cappilary

The attraction of water molecules towards narrow spaces

What do roots consist of

Main root

Lateral root (Branch)

Root hair

Root hair

The long (protuberance) extention of the epidermal cell of a root hair

Why does a root hair have a cell wall

Because all plant cells have a cell wall

Parts of a root hair

Main root

Lateral root (branch)

Root hair

Freely permeable

Allows all substances to pass through (cell wall)

Semi permeable

Allows only certain substances to pass through (cell membrane)

What promotes water absorption in roots

The cell sap in the root hair cell is at a higher concentration as it contains more solutes compared to the surrounding soil water this promotes water absorption

Speciality of root hair

-The numerous root hair provide a large surface area. More the area more is the absorption

-Root hair has cell sap at a higher concentration than the surrounding soil water

-The cell wall is freely permeable whilst the cell membrane is semi permeable

Osmosis

The movement of water molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration through a semi permeable

Three types of movements of molecules in plants

Diffusion

Osmosis

Active transport

Diffusion

The movement of molecules (gas liquid or solid ) from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration

Active transport

The movement of molecules from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration through a semi permeable membrane which requires energy

Ascent of sap

The upward movement of water and minerals (sap) by cell to cell osmosis is called assent of sap

Root pressure

The pressure developed in the roots due to continuous inflow of water by cell to cell osmosis

Transpiration

The loss of water in the form of water vapour from the aerial part parts of the plant

Transpirational force

The force that causes the water to be pulled up from the xylem in the roots to the stem and into the leaves. This pulling force is called transpirational force

What are the factors affecting the rate of evaporation

-Sunlight- because the stomata is open in the morning and closed at night

-Temperature

-Wind

-Humidity - the air can’t hold water water of it is laden with moisture

Importance of evaporation

Evaporation is important as

It produces a cooling effect

Transpiration helps in maintaining the concentration of the sap inside the plant body

Uses of water in the plant

Water is used for :

Transportation

Food production

Cooling

Why do you feel cold when you stand under a tree

You feel cool when you stand under a tree because the water transpires (evaporates) and producing a cooling effect

What are nutrient elements divided into

These are divided into

Macro nutrients

Micro nutrients

Macro and micro nutrients of plants

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