Peptic ulcer

Peptic ulcer

A sore in the lining of the stomach or duodenum caused by an imbalance between aggressive and defensive mechanisms.

Etiology of Peptic Ulcer

Factors that contribute to the development of peptic ulcers including aggressive agents like acid, pepsin, bile, and H. pylori.

H. pylori

A bacterium that can cause peptic ulcers if it disrupts the mucosal barrier.

Defensive Mechanisms

Natural protective factors that maintain the integrity of the gastric mucosa, such as bicarbonates, mucous, and prostaglandins.

Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI)

A class of drugs that reduce gastric acid secretion by irreversibly inhibiting the proton pump in parietal cells.

Cimetidine

An H2 blocker used to decrease stomach acid secretion.

Misoprostol

A prostaglandin analog that enhances mucosal defense and is indicated for NSAID-induced ulcers.

Antacid

Medications that neutralize stomach acid and relieve symptoms of heartburn and indigestion.

Magnesium Hydroxide

An antacid that acts as an osmotic laxative and may cause diarrhea.

Sucralfate

A medication that forms a protective barrier over ulcers, requiring an acidic environment for activation.

Adverse Effects of H2 Blockers

Common side effects may include diarrhea, dizziness, muscle pain, and possible drug interactions.