Lecture on Laryngopharyngeal Reflux and Related Conditions

These flashcards cover key concepts related to laryngopharyngeal reflux, its symptoms, diagnosis, treatment options, and relevant conditions as discussed during the lecture.

What is the definition of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR)?

The ascent of stomach fluids through the upper esophageal sphincter, causing injury to the laryngeal and pharyngeal mucosa.

What are common lifestyle factors that contribute to laryngopharyngeal reflux?

Dietary irritants like tomatoes, citrus, chocolate, fatty foods, spicy foods, coffee, habits like smoking, alcohol consumption, and overeating.

What role does the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) play in reflux conditions?

A weak LES allows stomach acid to move up into the esophagus, potentially causing symptoms.

What are the symptoms associated with laryngopharyngeal reflux according to the international survey?

Throat clearing, persistent cough, globus sensation, hoarseness, burning throat, laryngospasm, and heartburn.

What is the procedure of ambulatory 24-hour double-probe pH monitoring?

It involves placing probes in the esophagus and hypopharynx to measure pH levels and diagnose reflux.

What is the importance of subglottic edema in laryngopharyngeal reflux?

It is an accurate predictor of LPR with a positive predictive value of up to 90%.

How effective is laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication in treating severe LPR?

It is highly effective for patients with severe LPR and intolerant to anti-reflux medications.

What are the indications for performing a tracheostomy?

Obstruction of the larynx, reducing dead air space, easier suctioning of bronchial secretions, and for respirator placement.

What should be done to treat acute laryngitis due to viral infection?

Ensure adequate humidification of the airways and provide adequate fluid intake.

What major pathogen is associated with acute epiglottitis?

Haemophilus influenzae type B.