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Idiosyncratic
an abnormal reaction to a drug, sometimes specified as genetically determined, in metabolism of drug or by immunologic mechanisms, including allergic reactions.
Hypersensitivity
abnormal sensitivity, a condition in which there is an exaggerated response by the body to the stimulus of a foreign agent (allergic reaction)
Hypo/Hyperreactive
intensity of effect of a given dose of drug is diminished or increased in comparison to the effect seen in most individuals.
Tolerance
responsiveness is decrease as a consequence of continued drug administration.
Tachyphylaxis
when responsiveness diminishes rapidly after administration of a drug
Drug interaction
when one drug affects the pharmacological response of a second drug given at the same time.
Consequences of drug interactions
propranolol + hydralazine
caused by hypotensive hydralazine-mediated response is prevented by propranolol-mediated b-adrenergic receptor blockade
Opioid
induced respiratory depression may be counteracted by administration of the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone
1.
one drug may interact with another to impede absorption
2.
one drug may compete with another for the same plasma protein-binding sites
3.
– one drug may affect metabolism of another by either enzyme induction or enzyme inhibition
4.
one drug may change the renal excretion rate of the other.
Antacids (Ca carbonate)
Bran and whole grain breads
Antibiotics (erythromycin, PCN)
citrus fruits, colas
Tetracyclin
Ca-rich foods (milk)
Anticoagulant (warfarin)
vit. K rich foods
MAO inhibitor
tyramine-rich foods (cheese, chocolate, raisins)
