unit 9 digestive system

an/o

anus

append/o

appendix

appendic/o

appendix

bil/i

bile

bucc/o

cheek

cec/o

cecum

cheil/o

lip

labi/o

lip

chol/e

bile, gall

cholangi/o

bile duct

cholecyst/o

gallbladder

choledoch/o

common bile duct

col/o

colon

colon/o

colon

dent/o

teeth

odont/o

teeth

duoden/o

duodenum

enter/o

small intestine

esophag/o

esophagus

gastr/o

stomach

gingiv/o

gums

gloss/o

tongue

lingu/o

tongue

hepat/o

liver

ile/o

ileum

jejun/o

jejunum

lapar/o

abdomen, abdominal wall

or/o

mouth

pancreat/o

pancreas

pept/o

digestion

phag/o

eating, swallowing

pharyng/o

pharynx

proct/o

rectum, anus

pylor/o

pylorus

rect/o

rectum

sial/o

saliva, salivary gland

sigmoid/o

sigmoid colon

steat/o

fat

stomat/o

mouth, mouthlike opening

Abd

abdomen

BM

bowel movement

BMI

body mass index

BRP

bathroom privileges

CA

cancer

EGD

esophagogastroduodenoscopy

ERCP

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

GERD

gastroesophageal reflux disease

GI

gastrointestinal

IBD

inflammatory bowel disease

IBS

irritable bowel syndrome

LFT

liver function test

N&V

nausea and vomiting

NG

nasogastric

NPO

nothing by mouth

PO

by mouth

PR

per rectum

PUD

peptic ulcer disease

SBO

small bowel obstruction

UGI

upper GI x-ray

achalasia

a rare disorder in which the lower esophageal sphincter does not relax during swallowing; can lead to dysphagia

anorexia nervosa

physical and psychiatric disorder that involves a combination of an intense fear of weight gain, distorted body image, and self-imposed starvation

appendicitis

inflammation of the appendix causing abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting; confirmed by history and physical followed by ultrasound or CT scan

ascites

accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal (abdominal) cavity

bowel obstruction

partial or complete blockage of the small or large intestine; common causes include volvulus, intussusception, tumors, and adhesions

bulimia nervosa

physical and psychiatric disorder that involves a combination of obsessively eating huge quantities of food with purging behaviors

campylobacter infection

infection with Campylobacter organisms via contaminated food or water, resulting in intestinal illness

celiac disease

an autoimmune disease involving intolerance to gluten

cholecystitis

inflammation of the gallbladder, usually secondary to the presence of gallstones

cholelithiasis

condition in which gallstones (calculi) form in the gallbladder or biliary ducts

cirrhosis

chronic liver seas characterized by scarring and loss of normal structure; typically due to alcoholism

Crohn disease

disorder involving inflammation and edema deep into the layers of the lining of any part of the GI tract; regional enteritis

diverticulitis

inflammation of one or more diverticula (tiny pouches in the intestinal wall)

diverticulosis

condition in which diverticula form in the intestinal wall due to increased pressure

E. coli O157:H7 infection

dangerous strain of Escherichia coli that produces toxins that can severely damage the intestinal lining, resulting in bloody diarrhea

emesis

vomiting

esophageal varices

varicose veins of the distal end of the esophagus

esophagitis

inflammation of the esophageal lining

food poisoning

common term for several illnesses caused by eating food contaminated with bacterial or toxic organisms; sometimes called dysentery

gastritis

inflammation of the stomach’s mucosal lining

gastroenteritis

inflammation of the stomach and intestines; often referred to as the stomach flu; common causes are the rotavirus and norovirus

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

back flow of acidic gastric contents into the esophagus, causing esophagitis

hemorrhoids

internal or external varicose veins of the anal area

hepatitis

chronic inflammation of the liver, caused by one of the several viruses (types A, B, C, D, or E)

hernia

protrusion of a structure through the wall that normally contains it

hiatal hernia

protrusion of a portion of the stomach through the diaphragm into the chest cavity; hiatus hernia

intussusception

slipping or telescoping of a portion of the bowel into itself, causing obstruction or ischemia

irritable bowel syndrome

chronic condition characterized by alternating episodes of constipation and diarrhea

jaundice

condition marked by yellow staining of body tissues and fluids due to excessive levels of bilirubin in the blood

malabsorption syndrome

inadequate absorption of nutrients from the intestinal tract, especially the small intestine

malnutrition

nutritional deficiency due to inadequate intake or absorption of protein, vitamins, minerals, or other vital nutrients

oral herpes

vesicular eruption in or on the mouth caused by herpesvirus; herpes labialis or cold sore

oral thrush

infection of the skin or mucous membrane with any species of Candida, but mainly Candida albicans; candidiasis

pancreatitis

acute or chronic inflammation of the pancreas; most common cause is alcohol

peptic ulcer

inflamed lesion of the gastric or duodenal lining

peritonitis

inflammation of the organs and structures within the peritoneal cavity

pseudomembranous entercolitis

inflammatory condition of both small and large bowels that results in severe watery diarrhea; commonly called C diff. colitis

salmonellosis

intestinal infection caused by various types of salmonella organisms

short bowel syndrome

malabsorption and malnutrition disorder created by the loss of a significant portion of functioning bowel

small bowel obstruction (SBO)

blockage of normal passage of intestinal contents

ulcerative colitis

chronic inflammatory disease of the lining of the colon and rectum marked by up to 20 liquid, bloody stools per day