Chemical Reactions and Properties Review

Vocabulary flashcards generated from lecture notes covering chemical reactions, indicators, reaction types, corrosion, combustion, and chemical equations.

Chemical Reaction

A process that occurs when substances change and new substances are formed.

Precipitate

A solid that forms when two solutions are mixed.

Evidence of a Chemical Reaction

Observations that indicate a chemical change, including the formation of a new solid (precipitate), formation of gas or bubbles, color change, formation of a new odor, and temperature/energy change.

Hydrochloric Acid ($HCl$)

A specific example of an acid referenced in chemical testing.

Sodium Hydroxide ($NaOH$)

A specific example of a base referenced in chemical testing.

Indicators

Substances used to help determine whether a substance is acidic or basic based on their color response.

Known Reference Substances

Substances used during testing of unknown samples to provide a basis for comparison.

Fair Testing

An experimental process where equal amounts of indicator are used, other conditions are kept the same, and tests are repeated when necessary.

Combination Reaction

A basic reaction pattern where two or more substances combine to form one product, following the pattern $A + B \rightarrow AB$.

Decomposition Reaction

A basic reaction pattern where one compound breaks down into two or more simpler substances, following the pattern $AB \rightarrow A + B$.

Single Replacement Reaction

A basic reaction pattern where one element replaces another element in a compound, following the pattern $A + BC \rightarrow AC + B$.

Double Replacement Reaction

A basic reaction pattern where two compounds exchange parts or partners, following the pattern $AB + CD \rightarrow AD + CB$.

Corrosion

A chemical process in which metals react with substances in their environment and deteriorate, such as iron reacting to form rust.

Protective Coating

A layer, such as paint, used to prevent metal from directly contacting substances that promote corrosion.

Combustion

A chemical reaction that can release useful energy, particularly heat, and is used in cooking, transportation, and other energy-requiring activities.

Chemical Equation

A representation of a chemical reaction using scientific symbols and formulas, such as $H_2 + O_2 \rightarrow H_2O$.

Reactants

The substances present before a chemical reaction occurs (the starting substances).

Products

The substances formed after a chemical reaction occurs (the resulting substances).