All Mental Disorders

Major Depressive Disorder

At least 5 of 9 symptoms over a two week period including dysphoric mood, anhedonia, weight change/loss of appetite, insomnia/hypersomnia, psychomotor agitation, fatigue, excessive feelings of worthlessness, inability to concentrate, suicidal ideation

Persistent Depressive Disorder

At least 2 of 6 symptoms for at least 2 years while depressed including poor appetite/overeating, insomnia/hypersomnia, low energy, low self-esteem, poor concentration, feelings of hopelessness

Bipolar I

At least 1 manic episode

Bipolar II

Current or past hypomanic episode and major depressive episode; never been a manic episode

Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder

Persistent irritability and frequent episode of extreme behavioral dyscontrol that is developmentally inappropriate for at least 1 year before age 10; addresses over-diagnosis of BD in kids

Depression

Presence of sad, empty, or irritable mood that impairs ability to function.

Mania

At least 1 week of at least 3 symptoms or hospitalization due to elated, expansive, or irritable mood plus increased goal-directed activity; inflated self-esteem, decreased need for sleep, racing thoughts, rapid speech, reckless and impulsive behavior, increased energy, increased distractibility

Hypomania

Noticeable changes in behavior that do not meet DSM criteria for functional impairment and shorter duration of 4 or less days

Cyclothymic Disorder

2 or more years of hypomanic and depressive symptoms that do not meet full criteria for either. Symptom-free intervals do not last more than 2 months.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Excessive worry and difficulty controlling worry about variety of topics frequently for at least 6 months with at least 3 symptoms of restlessness, easy fatigue, difficulty concentrating, irritability, muscle tension, sleep disturbance. Causes clinically significant distress or impairment.

Separation Anxiety Disorder

Developmentally inappropriate and excessive fear/anxiety about separation from a certain person who they are attached to for at least 4 weeks in children and 6 months in adults. At least 3 symptoms of recurrent excessive distress from separation, worry about losing/harm to attachment figure, worry about experiencing an untoward event that causes separation, refusal to go out, fear of being alone without attachment figure, refusal to sleep away from attachment figure, nightmares of separation, and physical symptoms when separation occurs.

Selective Mutism

Consistent failure to speak in specific social situations despite speaking in other situations for at least 1 month causing educational/occupational disturbance. Failure is not attributable to lack of knowledge or comfort with the spoken language.

Specific Phobia

Marked fear or anxiety for at least 6 months about a specific object or situation that is out of proportion to the actual danger posed. The phobic object is actively avoided or endured with intense fear. Causes clinically significant distress or impairment.

Social Anxiety Disorder

Marked fear or anxiety for at least 6 months about social situations where the individual is exposed to possible scrutiny or negative evaluation by others. Causes clinically significant distress or impairment.

Panic Disorder

Recurrent unexpected panic attacks. At least one attack followed by 1 month of worry about additional attacks or significant maladaptive change in behavior related to the attacks.

Panic Attack

Abrupt surge of intense fear or intense discomfort that reaches a peak within minutes with at least 4 symptoms of palpitations, sweating, trembling/shaking, shortness of breath, feelings of choking, chest pain, nausea, dizziness, chills/heat sensations, parethesias, derealization/depersonalization, fear of losing control or “going crazy”, fear of dying

Agoraphobia

Fear of at least 2 situations of using public transport, being in open spaces, being in enclosed spaces, standing in line or being in a crowd, being outside of the home alone. Fears and avoids situations due to thoughts that escape might be difficult or help might not be available in incapacitating or embarrassing situations. Causes clinically significant distress or impairment.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Presence of obsessions and/or compulsions that are time-consuming or causing clinically significant distress or impairment.

Obsessions

Recurrent and persistent thoughts, urges, or images that are intrusive and unwanted. Individual attempts to ignore obsessions by neutralizing them with some other thought or action.

Compulsions

Repetitive behaviors or mental acts in response to an obsession or according to rules that must be applied rigidly. Compulsions are aimed at preventing or reducing anxiety/distress, or preventing a dreaded but unrealistic event

Body Dysmorphic Disorder

Preoccupation with defects/flaws in physical appearance that are not observable to others. Performs repetitive behaviors or mental acts in reponse to appearance concerns. Causes clinically significant distress or impairment.

Hoarding Disorder

Persistent difficulty discarding or parting with possessions due to perceived need to save them and distress associated with discarding them. Results in substantial clutter of active living areas. Causes clinically significant distress or impairment (safe environment).

Trichotillomania

Hair pulling. Causes clinically significant distress or impairment.

Excoriation

Skin picking resulting in skin lesions. Causes clinically significant distress or impairment.

Reactive Attachment Disorder

Consistent pattern of inhibited and emotionally withdrawn behavior between children and adult caregivers evident before age 5 and after 9 months developmentally. Child rarely seeks or responds to comfort when distressed. Persistent social and emotional disturbance seen by minimal social/emotional responsiveness to others, limited positive affect, unexplained irritability/sadness/fearfulness. Likely due to social neglect, repeated changes of primary caregivers, rearing in usual settings that severely limit opportunities to form selective attachments.

Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder

Pattern of culturally inappropriate, overly familiar behavior with relative strangers, diminished checking back with adult caregiver, willingness to go off with unfamiliar adult with minimal hesitation. Likely caused by social neglect, repeated changes of primary caregiver, rearing in unusual settigns that severely limit opportunities to form selective attachments. Child has developmental age of at least 9 months.

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence through direct experience, witnessing, learning of it occurring to close family/friend, repeated or extreme exposure to details. Intrusion symptoms including memories, dreams, dissociative reactions, reactions to cues. Persistent avoidance of stimuli associated with the event. Negative alterations in cognitions and mood. Alterations in arousal and reactivity including aggression, recklessness, hypervigilance, startle response, sleep disturbance. Lasting more than 1 month. Causes clinically significant distress.

Acute Stress Disorder

Exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence. Presence of at least 9 symptoms of intrusion, negative mood, dissociation, avoidance, and arousal lasting from 3 days up to 1 month after trauma exposure. Causes clinically significant distress or impairment.

Adjustment Disorder

Development of emotional or behavioral symptoms in response to an identifiable stressor occurring within 3 months of onset. Clinically significant/impairing and/or out of proportion to the severity of the stressor. Symptoms do not persist for more than 6 months after the stressor ceases.

Prolonged Grief Disorder

Persistent grief symptoms lasting at least 12 months past the death of a close individual (6 months in children). Causes clinically significant distress or impairment. Duration and severity exceeds expected social and cultural norms.

Substance Use Disorders

Applied to all 10 substance classes except caffeine. Diagnosed based on pathological pattern of behaviors including impaired control, social impairment, risky use, and pharmacological criteria.

Substance-Induced Disorders

Overall category including substance intoxication, withdrawal, and substance-induced mental disorders.

Substance Intoxication

Development of reversible symptoms due to recent ingestion of a substance. Clinically significant problematic behavioral or psychological changes attributable to physiological effects on CNS.

Substance Withdrawal

Development of problematic behavioral change, with physiological and cognitive concomitants, due to cessation/reduction in prolonged substance use. Causes clinically significant distress or impairment. Usually but not always associated with substance use disorder.

Substance-Induced Mental Disorders

Symptoms characteristic of other disorders predominate the clinical picture but developed during or soon after substance intoxication or withdrawal. The involved substance must be capable of producing the symptoms.

Delusions

Fixed beliefs not amenable to change in light of conflicting evidence. May be bizarre if they are clearly implausible to the culture.

Hallucinations

Involuntary perception-like experiences that occur without external stimulus.

Disorganized thinking

Speech impairment including derailment, tangentiality, word salad.

Grossly disorganized behavior

Range of abnormal motor behaviors like catatonia, unpredictable agitation, childlike silliness, goal-directed behaviors, etc.

Negative symptoms of psychosis

Diminished emotional expression, avolition (decrease in self-initiated purposeful activities), alogia (diminished speech output) , anhedonia, asociality.

Positive symptoms of psychosis

Delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking (speech), grossly disorganized behavior.

Delusional disorder

Presence of at least 1 delusion for at least 1 month. Criteria for schizophrenia has never been met. Functioning is not markedly impaired and behavior is not bizarre.

Brief Psychotic Disorder

Presence of at least 1 positive symptoms (delusion, hallucination, disorganized speech or behavior) for at least 1 day but less than 1 month. Not attributable to substances or medical conditions or MDD or BD w/ psychotic features.

Schizophreniform Disorder

At least 2 symptoms present during a 1-month period but less than 6 months, at least 1 must be delusions, hallucinations or disorganized speech. Characteristically the same as Schizophrenia but differs in total duration. Use “provisional” diagnostic term when waiting for recovery during 6-month period. Does not require impaired social and occupational functioning.

Schizophrenia

At least 2 symptoms present during a 1-month period for at least 6 months, at least 1 symptom must be delusions, hallucinations, or disorganized speech. At least 1 month of active-phase symptoms plus possible prodromal and residual periods. Level of functioning in major life areas is markedly impaired.

Schizoaffective Disorder

Uninterrupted period of illness where major mood episode (depressive or manic) concurrent with at least 2 symptoms of schizophrenia (1 of which is delusions, hallucinations, or disorganized speech). Major depressive episode must include pervasive depressed mood. Delusions or hallucinations occur for at least 2 weeks in absence of mood episode. Mood episode is present for majority of total duration of active and residual periods.

Substance-Induced Psychotic Disorder

Presence of delusions and/or hallucinations and evidence of symptom development during or soon after substance intoxication, withdrawal, or exposure. Substance is capable of producing symptoms. Causes clinically significant distress or impairment.

Catatonia

Presence of at least 3 psychomotor disturbances (e.g., decreased motor activity, excessive and peculiar motor activity, stupor, waxy flexibility, etc.)

Personality Disorder

Pervasive and inflexible pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates from cultural norms and expectations. Onset in adolescence or early adulthood, is stable over time, and leads to distress or impairment.

Paranoid personality disorder

Pattern of distrust and suspiciousness that others’ motives are interpreted as malevolent. At least four symptoms of suspiciousness, unjustified doubts, reluctance to confide in others, reads hidden meanings, bears grudges, perceives attacks and is quick to react, suspects partners of infidelity.

Schizoid personality disorder

Pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of emotional expression. At least four symptoms of ambivalence to close relationships, always chooses solitary activities, little interest in sex, little pleasures in activities, lacks close friends, indifferent to praise or criticism, shows emotional coldness and flat affect.

Schizotypal personality disorder

Pattern of acute discomfort in close relationships, cognitive or perceptual distortions, and eccentricities of behavior. At least five symptoms of ideas of reference, odd beliefs or magical thinking, unusual perceptual experiences, odd thinking and speech, suspiciousness or paranoid ideation, inappropriate or constricted affect, odd behavior or appearance, lack of close confidants, excessive social anxiety that doesn’t diminish with familiarity.

Antisocial personality disorder

Pattern of disregard for, and violation of, the rights of others, criminality, impulsivity, and a failure to learn from experience. Has been occurring since age 15 with at least 3 symptoms of failure to conform to social norms and laws, deceitfulness, impulsivity, irritability, reckless disregard for safety, consistent irresponsibility, lack of remorse. Must be at least 18 with evidence of conduct disorder before age 15.

Borderline personality disorder

Pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity. At least 5 symptoms of efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment, unstable and intense interpersonal relationships, identity disturbance, self-damaging impulsivity, recurrent suicidal behavior, affective instability, chronic feelings of emptiness, intense and inappropriate anger, transiety and stress-related paranoid ideation.

Histrionic personality disorder

Pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking. At least 5 symptoms of uncomfortableness in situations where they are not center of attention, inappropriate sexual or provocative interactions, shallow and shifting emotional expression, use of physical appearance to draw attention, impressionistic style of speech, self-dramatization and theatricality, suggestible, considers relationships to be more intimate than reality.

Narcissistic personality disorder

Pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy. At least 5 symptoms of grandiose sense of self-importance, preoccupied with fantasies success, belief that they are special, need for excessive admiration, sense of entitlement, interpersonally exploitative, lack of empathy, envious of others, arrogance and haughty behaviors.

Avoidant personality disorder

Pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation. At least 4 symptoms of avoiding occupational activities that involve significant interpersonal contact, unwilling to get involved with people unless certain of being liked, restraint within intimate relationships, preoccupation with criticism or rejection, inhibited in new interpersonal situations, views self as socially inept, unusually reluctant to take personal risks or try new activities.

Dependent personality disorder

Pattern of submissive and clinging behavior related to an excessive need to be taken care of. At least 5 symptoms of difficulty making decisions without excessive amount of advice and reassurance, needs others to take responsibility for major areas of their life, difficulty disagreeing with others, difficulty initiating projects on their own, goes to excessive lengths to obtain support, feels uncomfortable or helpless when alone, urgently seeks another relationship as a source of care and supports, unrealistically preoccupied with fears of being left to take care of themself.

Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

Pattern of preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and control. At least four symptoms of preoccupation with details and rules, perfectionism that interferes with task completion, excessively devoted to work and productivity, overconscientious and inflexible about morality and ethics, unable to discard worn-out objects, reluctant to delegate tasks or work with others unless they submit, adopts a miserly spending style to save for future catastrophes, shows rigidity and stubbornness.

Personality change due to another medical condition

Persistent personality disturbance that is judged to be the direct pathophysiological consequence of another medical condition. Causes clinically significant distress or impairment. In children, involves significant deviation from child’s usual behavior patterns for at least 1 year.

Other specified personality disorder

Category for 2 situations: 1) personality pattern meets general criteria and traits of several different PDs are present but criteria for any specific one are not met, 2) personality pattern meets general criteria but individual is considered to have a PD not included in DSM-5 classification

Cluster A

Paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal personality disorders. Characterized by odd or eccentric traits.

Cluster B

Antisocial, borderline, histrionic, and narcissistic personality disorders. Characterized by dramatic, emotional, or erratic traits.

Cluster C

Avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders. Characterized by anxious or fearful traits.

Unspecified personality disorder

Presentation of symptoms characteristic of a personality disorder that causes clinically significant distress or impairment but does not meet full criteria for any disorders in the diagnostic class.

Intellectual Developmental Disorder (Disability)

Intellectual and adaptive functioning deficits in conceptual, social, and practical domains. Intellectual functioning measured by IQ and involves reasoning, problem solving, planning, abstract thinking, working memory, verbal comprehension, learning. Adaptive functioning measured by personal independence and social responsibility, and involves conceptual, social, and practical domains. Onset of deficits during the developmental period.

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Persistent deficits in social communication and interaction, such as social-emotional reciprocity, nonverbal communicative behaviors, and relationship building, across multiple contexts. Restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior and interests as seen by repetitive motor movements, rigid adherence to routines, abnormal fixated interests, hyper- or hyporeactivity to sensory input. Symptoms must be present in the early developmental period.

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development. Characterized by at least 6 symptoms of either inattention and/or hyperactivity and impulsivity that is inconsistent with developmental level and negatively impacts social and academic/occupational activities. Several symptoms present prior to 12yrs old and in at least 2 settings.

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

Pattern of irritable mood, defiant behavior, or vindictiveness lasting at least 6 months with at least four symptoms and exhibited during interactions with non-sibling individuals. Frequency criteria depends on age: children <5 most days for 6 months, children >5 at least once a week for 6 months.

Intermittent Explosive Disorder

Recurrent behavioral outbursts representing failure to control aggressive impulses manifested by verbal/physical aggression 2x/week for 3 months and/or three behavioral outbursts involving property damage or physical assault within 1 year. Aggressive outbursts are not premeditated and out of proportion to provocation. Causes either marked distress in the individual or impairment in occupational or interpersonal functioning, or associated with financial/legal consequences. Must be at least 6 years old.

Conduct Disorder

Repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior where basic rights of others and major age-appropriate societal norms or rules are violated. Manifested by at least three symptoms within 1 year, and at least 1 symptom in the past 6 months. Symptom categories in aggression, destruction of property, deceitfulness/theft, and serious violation of rules. Subtypes of childhood-onset, adolescent-onset, or unspecified onset.

Pyromania

Deliberate and purposeful fire setting on more than 1 occasion. Tension or affective arousal before the act. Fascination with, interest in, or attraction to fire and its situational contexts. Pleasure, gratification, or relief when setting fires or witnessing or participating in the aftermath. Not done for monetary gain, expression of sociopolitical ideology, to conceal criminal activity, expression of anger or vengeance, to improve living circumstances, response to delusion/hallucination, or result of impaired judgment.

Kleptomania

Recurrent failure to resist impulses to steal objects that are not needed for personal use or for their monetary value. Increasing sense of tension immediately before committing and pleasure, gratification, or relief at the time of theft. Not committed to express anger or vengeance nor a response to a delusion or hallucination. Often aware the act is wrong and may feel guilty but cannot resist the impulse. Onset often begins in adolescence.