AP US History Chapter 3- Colonies in the New World- Social, Political, Economic Order

MA Royal Charter

________ of 1691- required Puritan colonies to tolerate religious dissenters, and base the right to vote on property- owners, not church membership.

John Winthrop

________ and Puritans emphasized superiority from birth, elites should show mercy, and the masses should be obedient.

British America

________ was an immigrant- welcoming society (ex: Virginia encouraged people of different nations there with families by promising them the rights and privileges of citizens born there.

1740 Naturalization Act

________- to sustain high levels of immigrants in British America, immigrants living in America for 7 years would become subjects of the British Empire after swearing a loyalty oath and providing proof that they were Protestants (exceptions for Jews, excluded "papists "(Roman Catholics)

Religion

________- In puritan- founded towns, the first public stricture built was usually a church, every town had to collect taxes to support the church, and every resident was required to attend midweek and Sunday services.

17th century

Belief in witchcraft was widespread in Europe and ________ colonies.

Hudson

Rivers: ________, Delaware, and Susquehanna tributaries provided access to the backcountry of PA and NY; rich fur trade with NA.

HEadright system

The ________ continued the Dutch practice of patroonship>- vast estates to influential men (patroons) who controlled large domains farmed by tenants who paid rent and fees to use tools.

Moderation

________- except for piety, for everything (sex before marriage is unexpectable)

Middle Colonies

The ________- Reflected diversity of colonial life and foreshadowed pluralism of the future nation; a mix of NE and South.

Witches

________ in Salem- negative impact of religious zeal in MA.

Yankee

________ "was a Dutch word, describing the NE that harassed them.

Mass hysteria

________- hundreds of people accused of practicing witchcraft.

Tobacco

________ soared through the 17th century- so much grown in VA that the royal governor in 1616 passed "Dales Laws "requiring every farmer to plant at least two acres of corn to ensure food supply.

Rice

________- accounted for over half of exports during the 18th century, South Carolinas ________ planters became the wealthiest in British colonies- plantations among coastal rivers (could also use barger to transport for shipment)

Wrongful execution

________- the government gave the family 20 pounds 20 years after.

Witchcraft controversy

________ represented social tensions and personal feuds.

1683

In ________, Mennonites founded Germantown, near Philadelphia (represented the first wave of German migrants most of them, indentured servants)

Long distance communication

________- little postal service (always letters to travelers or sea captains in hopes theyd be delivered)

Overland travel

________ was initially by horse or foot-> wagons and coaches (inns and taverns were essential social institutions bc of night travel and love for drinking and gossip; soon ministers and town leaders worried that taverns promoted drunkenness and social rebellious among the poor white people and Indians)

British colonies were part of a complex North Atlantic commercial network

companies, merchants, farmers traded tobacco, sugar, wheat, enslaved Africans and Indians

The status of planters and merchants increased, dominated legislatures, bout luxury goods and brick mansions

while looking down on their inferiors

Warm weather, plentiful rainfall -> growth of $$$ staple crops (cash crops) valued by mother country

tobacco, sugarcane, indigo, rice

Tobacco soared through the 17th century

so much grown in VA that the royal governor in 1616 passed "Dales Laws" requiring every farmer to plant at least two acres of corn to ensure food supply

Religion

In puritan-founded towns, the first public stricture built was usually a church, every town had to collect taxes to support the church, and every resident was required to attend midweek and Sunday services

MA Royal Charter of 1691

required Puritan colonies to tolerate religious dissenters, and base the right to vote on property-owners, not church membership

They could drink

very little amounts if they didnt get drunk

Moderation

except for piety, for everything (sex before marriage is unexpectable)

Funny

Repeated offenders of drunkness were required to wear a letter "D", adulterers wore "A"

Witches in Salem

negative impact of religious zeal in MA

1692 winter, 2 of the girls (one of them the daughter of village minister Samuel Parris) that became fascinated with Tituba (enslaved woman from Barbados) began behaving oddly

when asked who tormented them, they responded (Tituba, Sarah Good, and Sarah Osborne)

Mass hysteria

hundreds of people accused of practicing witchcraft

Wrongful execution

the government gave the family 20 pounds 20 years after

Allegations and executions multiplied, and spread beyond Salem-> MA Bay Colony began to worry witch hunts were out of control

governor intervened when his wife was accused and disbanded the special court

Psychological strains due to constant Indian attacks (along New Englands northern frontier, near Salem)

PTSD

No bathrooms (privies)

relieved outside

Many NE turned to the sea

codfish (waters in NE were abundant, common in England); whale supplied ambergris (for perfume/lube/lamps

NE & NY bought more than they exported to it -> unfavorable trade balance-> triangular trade (NE gave rum to the coast of Africa in exchange for enslaved; ships to Caribbean islands, which returned home with various commodities (ex

molasses, used for rum)

The Middle Colonies

Reflected diversity of colonial life and foreshadowed pluralism of the future nation; a mix of NE and South

Produced surplus of foodstuffs for export to slave-based plantations of the South and West Indies

wheat, barley, oats, grains, flour, livestock

Rivers

Hudson, Delaware, and Susquehanna  tributaries provided access to the backcountry of PA and NY; rich fur trade with NA

Dutch culture and language lingered (ex

toponyms like Wall Street)

Other minorities

Huguenots (religious freedom in 1685), Irish, Welsh, Swiss, and Jews

Bottom of social order

sailors, manual laborers, servants, enslaved

Long-distance communication

little postal service (always letters to travelers or sea captains in hopes theyd be delivered)

English common law held said one might be punished for libel (publishing false statements damaging to a person"s reputation), or printing criticism that fostered an ill opinion of the government; Zengers lawyer claimed the editor had published the truth

the jury found him not guilty

British America was an immigrant-welcoming society (ex

Virginia encouraged people of different nations there with families by promising them the rights and privileges of citizens born there

English sought to restrict immigration to England, fearing that Protestant sects would undermine the authority of the Church of England, or that immigrants given the right to vote/hold office would endanger their ancient polity and government

intermarriage would extinguish the English race

1740 Naturalization Act

to sustain high levels of immigrants in British America, immigrants living in America for 7 years would become subjects of the British Empire after swearing a loyalty oath and providing proof that they were Protestants (exceptions for Jews, excluded "papists" (Roman Catholics)