AP Gov SCOTUS (Midterm)

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McCulloch v. Maryland

The Supreme Court ruled that Congress has the right to create a national bank, asserting that state laws cannot tax institutions of the national government.

Supremacy Clause

A constitutional provision that establishes that federal law takes precedence over state law.

Necessary and Proper Clause

Constitutional authority allowing Congress to create laws required to carry out its enumerated powers.

United States v. Lopez

The Supreme Court ruled that the Gun Free School Zones Act was unconstitutional as it exceeded Congress's authority under the Commerce Clause.

Commerce Clause

A provision that gives Congress the power to regulate trade between states.

Citizens United v. FEC

The Supreme Court decision that struck down limits on corporate spending in elections, asserting it violated First Amendment rights.

First Amendment

An amendment that protects freedoms of speech, religion, press, assembly, and petition.

Baker v. Carr

The Supreme Court ruled that the federal courts have jurisdiction to review legislative apportionment under the Equal Protection Clause.

Equal Protection Clause

A clause in the 14th Amendment that requires states to treat individuals equally under the law.

Shaw v. Reno

The Supreme Court ruled that race cannot be the sole factor in drawing congressional districts.

Gibbons v. Ogden

The Supreme Court ruled that the federal government has authority to regulate interstate commerce including steamboat operations.

Wickard v. Filburn

The Supreme Court ruled that a farmer growing wheat for personal use can be regulated under the Commerce Clause as it affects interstate commerce.

Gonzales v. Raich

The Supreme Court ruled that the federal government can prohibit local cultivation of medical marijuana under the Commerce Clause.

Buckley v. Valeo

The Supreme Court held that limits on individual contributions to political campaigns were constitutional, but restrictions on campaign spending were not.

Rucho v. Common Cause

The Supreme Court ruled that partisan gerrymandering presents a political question that is non-justiciable.