Animal Kingdom Taxonomy and Classification

Comprehensive question and answer flashcards covering animal phyla, classes, scientific names, common names, morphological features, and visual identification based on lecture notes.

What are the key locomotory organs used to classify the classical classes of Phylum Protozoa?

Class Mastigophora uses flagella, Class Sarcodina uses pseudopodia, Class Ciliata uses cilia, and Class Sporozoa has no locomotory organs (reproducing via spores).

Which organism is shown in this diagram from Phylum Protozoa?

Euglena (Class Mastigophora / Subphylum Mastigophora, Class Phytomastigophora)

What are the scientific and common names of the colonial green algae in Phylum Protozoa?

Scientific name: Volvox; Common name: Colonial green algae

What are the common names for Paramecium sp. and Plasmodium sp.?

Paramecium sp.: Slipper Animalcule; Plasmodium sp.: malarial parasite

What are the excurrent and incurrent pore openings in Phylum Porifera called?

Large excurrent pores are called the osculum, and smaller incurrent pores are called ostia.

What skeletal feature distinguishes Class Calcarea, Class Hyalospongiae, and Class Demospongiae in Phylum Porifera?

Class Calcarea has calcareous spicules made of calcium carbonate; Class Hyalospongiae has siliceous glass-like spicules; Class Demospongiae has an internal skeleton of siliceous spicules, spongin fibers, or both.

Which organism from Phylum Porifera Class Calcarea is depicted in this image?

Leucosolenia (Common name: finger sponge)

What are the scientific and common names for the Venus flower basket, Elephant ear sponge, and Common bath sponge?

Venus flower basket: Euplectella sp.; Elephant ear sponge: Phakelia sp.; Common bath sponge: Euspongia officinalis

What specialized stinging cells are located on the tentacles of organisms in Phylum Cnidaria?

Nematocysts

How do the three classes of Phylum Cnidaria differ in body form?

Class Hydrozoa is polyp type (single or colonial); Class Scyphozoa is medusa type; Class Anthozoa is polyp type (generally colonial, including corals and sea anemones).

Identify the Phylum Cnidaria organism shown in this figure and state its common name.

Scientific name: Aurelia sp.; Common name: jellyfish (Class Scyphozoa)

What are the scientific names and common names of the three coral species mentioned under Phylum Cnidaria?

Tubipora musica (organ pipe coral), Fungia (mushroom coral), and Meandrina sinnsa (Brain coral).

What structural feature separates Class Tentaculata from Class Nuda in Phylum Ctenophora?

Class Tentaculata possesses tentacles containing colloblasts (adhesive sheaths), while Class Nuda lacks tentacles and has an ovoid body.

Identify the organisms from Phylum Ctenophora shown in this summary image.

Class Tentaculata: Pleurobrachia (sea gooseberry); Class Nuda: Beroe (cigar combjelly)

What are the four classes of Phylum Platyhelminthes and their general lifestyle or features?

Class Turbellaria (free-living, eyes, auricles), Class Trematoda (all parasitic, ventral suckers), Class Cestoda (endoparasitic, segmented flat body, no mouth/digestive tract), and Class Monogenea (mostly ectoparasites, tegument body wall, bears opisthaptor).

What are the scientific and common names of Planaria and Sheep liver fluke?

Planaria: Dugesia; Sheep liver fluke: Fasciola hepatica

What are the scientific names and common names for the pork tapeworm, beef tapeworm, fish fluke, and frog bladder fluke?

Pork tapeworm: Taenia solium; Beef tapeworm: Taenia saginata; Fish fluke/skin fluke: Gyrodactylus; Frog bladder fluke/polystome: Polystoma

What sensory structure differentiates Class Phasmida from Class Aphasmida in Phylum Nemathelminthes?

Class Phasmida has phasmids (caudal chemoreceptors) and pore-like amphids, whereas Class Aphasmida lacks phasmids.

Which organism in Phylum Nemathelminthes Class Phasmida is featured in this figure?

Ascaris lumbricoides (Common name: human intestinal roundworm)

What is the scientific name and common name of the whip worm in Phylum Nemathelminthes?

Scientific name: Trichuris trichiura; Common name: whip worm

What are the defining characteristics of Class Oligochaeta, Class Hirudinea, and Class Polychaeta in Phylum Annelida?

Class Oligochaeta: segmented body with clitellum, no head or parapodia. Class Hirudinea: 33 or 34 segments, large posterior sucker and smaller anterior sucker, no tentacles. Class Polychaeta: numerous segments with lateral parapodia bearing many setae per somite, head bearing tentacles.

What are the scientific and common names of the earthworm, medicinal leech, terrestrial leech, and sandworm?

Earthworm: Lumbricus terrestris; Medicinal leech: Hirudo medicinalis; Terrestrial leech: Limnotes; Sandworm or clam worm: Nereis

Match the classes of Phylum Mollusca to their shell morphology: Amphineura (Polyplacophora), Scaphopoda, Gastropoda, Pelycypoda (Bivalvia), Cephalopoda.

Amphineura: 8 broad mid-dorsal plates; Scaphopoda: slender tubular shell open at both ends; Gastropoda: usually spiral shell (undergoes torsion); Pelycypoda: two lateral valves with dorsal hinge; Cephalopoda: shell external, internal, or absent.

What are the scientific names and common names for Chiton, Elephant tooth shell, Abalone, and Snail in Phylum Mollusca?

Chiton: Acanthozostera; Elephant tooth or tusk shell: Dentalium; Abalone: Haliotes; Snail: Achatina

What are the scientific names and common names for Giant Clam, Squid, Pearly Nautilus, and Octopus in Phylum Mollusca?

Giant Clam: Tridacna; Squid: Loligo; Pearly Nautilus: Nautilus; Octopus: Octopus

How do Class Asteroidea and Class Ophiuroidea in Phylum Echinodermata differ regarding their arms?

Class Asteroidea has immovable arms, whereas Class Ophiuroidea has jointed, flexible rays or arms.

Identify the Phylum Echinodermata organism shown in this figure.

Scientific name: Diadema; Common name: sea urchin (Class Echinoidea)

Identify the Phylum Echinodermata organism shown in this figure.

Scientific name: Holothuria; Common name: Sea cucumber (Class Holothuroidea)

Identify the Phylum Echinodermata organism shown in this figure.

Scientific name: Antedon; Common name: Feather Stars (Class Crinoidea)

What are the scientific and common names of the Starfish, Brittle Star, and Sea daisy in Phylum Echinodermata?

Starfish: Archaster; Brittle Star: Ophiothrix; Sea daisy: Xyloplax mudsiformis

How do Class Diplopoda and Class Chilopoda in Phylum Arthropoda differ in leg arrangement?

Class Diplopoda has two pairs of legs per segment, whereas Class Chilopoda has one pair of legs per segment.

According to the updated classification of Sub-Phylum Crustacea in the notes, what are the four classes listed?

Class Malacostraca (Lobsters, Crayfish, Crabs), Class Branchiopoda (Fairy shrimp, Brine shrimp, water fleas), Class Cirripedia (Barnacles, Balanus, Lepas), and Class Copepoda (Copepods).

Identify the Sub-Phylum Crustacea organism shown in this figure.

Scientific name: Penaeus; Common name: Shrimp (Phylum Arthropoda, Class Crustacea)

Identify the Sub-Phylum Crustacea organism shown in this figure.

Scientific name: Cambarus; Common name: crayfish (Phylum Arthropoda, Class Crustacea)

Identify the myriapod organism shown in this figure.

Scientific name: Acladocricus; Common name: Millipede (Phylum Arthropoda, Class Diplopoda)

What are the scientific names and common names for Scorpion, Centipede, and Grasshopper in Phylum Arthropoda?

Scorpion: Heterometrus; Centipede: Scolopendra; Grasshopper: Melicoides tenebrosa

What major subphyla or groupings comprise Phylum Chordata as described in the notes?

Hemichordata (proboscis, neck, trunk), Urochordata (sponge-like chordates), Cephalochordata (lancelet/wedge-like worm), and Vertebrata (with vertebral column).

Identify the jawless fish specimen shown in this image.

Scientific name: Petromyzon marinus; Common name: lamprey (Class Cephalaspidomorphi / Cyclostomata)

What distinguishes Class Chondrichthyes from Class Osteichthyes in Subphylum Vertebrata?

Class Chondrichthyes consists of cartilaginous fishes with placoid scales and 3 pairs of uncovered gills; Class Osteichthyes consists of bony fishes with dermal scales (cycloid, ganoid, ctenoid) and gill slits covered by an operculum.

What is the scientific name and common name of the milkfish in Class Osteichthyes?

Scientific name: Chanos chanos; Common name: milkfish

Identify the amphibian organism shown in this image.

Scientific name: Bufo; Common name: Toads (Class Amphibia)

Identify the amphibian organism shown in this image.

Scientific name: Necturus; Common name: Salamander (Class Amphibia)

What are the scientific names for Frogs, man, cat, and dog listed under Subphylum Vertebrata?

Frogs: Rana; Man: Homo sapiens; Cat: Felis domestica; Dog: Canis