respiration

Respiration

Process of gas exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the alveoli and body tissues

External respiration

External respiration is diffusion of the oxygen and carbon dioxide outside of the body inspired air and pulmonary capillaries which diffusion is happening here which means a higher concentration to a lower concentration

Internal respiration

Internal respiration is diffusion of the oxygen and carbon dioxide within the body between the capillaries and the tissue cells diffusion is happening here higher to lower concentration

Internal vs external

Controls of respiration

Controls of respirations is influenced by many factors voluntary control, nervous control, chemical control, other sleep, pain, emotions, medication‘s body temperature and drugs

Voluntary control

Respiration is normally involuntary, but can be consciously controlled

Peripheral nervous control

The main muscles of an inspiration are the diaphragm in the intercostal muscles

Medulla oblongata

Primary respiratory center

Pons

Controls rate in speed of involuntary Respiration

Hering Breuer reflex

Inhibits inspiration and overinflation of lungs via the vagus nerve

Chemical control

Chemical factors that control respiration

Peripheral chemoreceptors

Additional controls

Other forms of respiration

Coughing

Sneezing

Sighing/ hiccups

Special consideration

Asthma

COPD

V/Q mismatch with COPD

Neuromuscular Diseases

Drugs

Many drugs can cause respiratory depression