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anatomy
branch of science that studies the structure (morphology) and shape of the body
physiology
branch of science, that studies how the body and its part work together and function
what do atoms make up?
Molecules
what do molecules make up?
Macromolecules
what do macro molecules make up?
Organelles
What do organelles make
cell
What do cells make make up?
Tissues
what do tissues make make up
Organs
what do organs make up?
Oregon Systems
what do organ systems make up?
Organisms
cell
The smallest living unit of structure and function
What are the four main organic macromolecules?
carbs proteins, lipids, nucleic acids
what Is the monomer of carbs
Monosaccharide
what is the monomer of lipids?
Fatty acid and glycerol
what is the monomer of proteins?
Amino acids
what is the monomer of nucleic acid?
nucleotide
Maintaining boundaries
inside remains distinct from outside
every cell has a cell membrane every human has…
Skin
cell membranes and skin helps … From pathogens, dehydrating sunlight, and environmental chemicals
protect
change of the position position of the body or a body part
external movement
blood food, air, and urine
internal movement
The ability to sense changes (stimuli) and react to them
Responsiveness
Bears the major responsibility of responsiveness
Nervous system
Breaking down, ingested food into simple molecules
digestion
sum of all chemical reactions in the body
Metabolism
breakdown and build Up of substances, oxygen and nutrients are used to
Make energy ATP
ATP is used to
fuel life processes
removing waste from the body
Excretion
Production of offspring or new cells for growth and repair
reproduction
increase in cell size or body size endocrine hormones play a major role
growth
cell constructing activities must occur faster than
cell destroying
to maintain life with certain factors needed to be available in appropriate amounts
Goal of all body systems
Carbohydrates are major energy, providing fuel, then proteins and fats
nutrients
required for chemical reactions
Minerals and vitamins
used to release Energy from food human cells can only survive a few minutes
oxygen
Most abundant chemical in the body provides the basis for all reactions, secretions and excretions
Water
Maintained at Approximately 37°C, 98.6°F maintains the rate of chemical Reactions
Normal body temperature
Force exerted on the surface of the body by the way of the air Essential for breathing
Atmospheric pressure
The body can be divided into how many portions
two
upper and lower limbs
Appendicular portion
Head neck and trunk
Axial portion
What two cavities can the axial portion be created into?
dorsal and ventral cavities
The dorsal cavity surrounded completely by
Bone
Contains the brain, oral cavity, nasal cavity orbital cavity, and middle ear cavity
cranial cavity
contains the spinal cord
Spinal cavity (vertebral cavity)
Contains the thoracic cavity and abdominal pelvic cavity
ventral cavity
Contains lungs, heart, esophagus, trachea, and thymus
Thoracic cavity
divides the thoracic cavity into right and left haves
mediastinum
Separates the thoracic and abdominal pelvic cavities
diaphragm
include the abdominal cavity and the pelvic cavity
abdominal pelvic cavity (viscera)
contains the stomach, liver, spleen, gallbladder, kidneys, and intestines
Abdominal cavity
Contains bladder, reproductive organs and rectum protected by pelvic bones
Pelvic cavity