Interpreting and Reacting with Earth Systems (OCR)

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30 Terms

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Early Earth's atmosphere

"Developed from gases emitted by volcanic activity, initially composed of little to no oxygen, high carbon dioxide, ammonia, methane, and water vapor."

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Great Oxygenation Event

"Period when oxygen levels in Earth's atmosphere dramatically increased due to photosynthetic organisms, leading to a mass extinction event for anaerobic life forms."

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Complete combustion

"Occurs when fuel burns in abundant oxygen, producing carbon dioxide and water."

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Incomplete combustion

"Occurs when fuel burns in limited oxygen, producing carbon monoxide, water, and carbon particulates."

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Greenhouse effect

"Process were greenhouse gases trap heat in Earth's atmosphere, maintaining a warmer temperature suitable for life."

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Greenhouse gases

"Include carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and water vapor, which absorb and emit infrared radiation, warming the Earth's surface."

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Anthropogenic causes of climate change

"Human activities, such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation, releasing greenhouse gases and contributing to global warming."

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Carbon dioxide (CO2)

"A greenhouse gas released by human activities like burning fossil fuels, contributing to climate change."

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Methane (CH4)

"A potent greenhouse gas released from natural gas production, livestock digestion, and landfills."

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Complete combustion products
"Result in carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) when fuels burn in abundant oxygen."
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Incomplete combustion products

"Result in carbon monoxide (CO), water (H2O), and carbon particulates when fuels burn in limited oxygen."

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Effects of climate change

"Include rising sea levels, shifts in weather patterns, more frequent extreme weather events, and impacts on agriculture and biodiversity."

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Potable water

"Water safe for drinking, typically achieved through processes like sedimentation, filtration, and chlorination."

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Desalination

"Process of removing salt and minerals from seawater to produce fresh water, often using distillation or reverse osmosis."

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Sulfur dioxide (SO2)

"A gas released from burning fossil fuels containing sulfur impurities, contributing to acid rain and air pollution."

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Nitrogen oxide (NOx)

"Gases produced from burning fuels at high temperatures, contributing to smog, acid rain, and respiratory issues."

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Luminous splint test
"Method to detect oxygen presence in a gas container by observing if a flame rekindles."
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Photochemical smog

"Formed when nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds react in the presence of sunlight, contributing to air pollution."

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Global dimming

"Reduction in sunlight reaching Earth's surface due to particulate matter in the atmosphere, potentially caused by pollution."

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Distillation
"Method of desalination where water is boiled and condensed to remove salts and impurities."
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The Great Oxygenation Event
"Period in Earth's history where oxygen levels in the atmosphere rose dramatically due to the emergence of photosynthetic organisms."
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Renewable energy sources

"Include solar, wind, hydroelectric, and geothermal power, aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions."

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Acid rain

"Caused by sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides dissolving in rainwater, damaging ecosystems and infrastructure."

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Ice core analysis

"Method to measure ancient atmospheric gas levels by studying ice cores, providing evidence of historical climate changes."

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Incomplete combustion consequences

"Can lead to the formation of carbon monoxide, a poisonous gas harmful to human health."

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Fossil fuels

"Include coal, oil, and natural gas, burned for energy production and releasing carbon dioxide into the atmosphere."

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Global warming
"Increase in Earth's average surface temperature due to greenhouse gas emissions from human activities."
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Renewable energy

"Energy sources that are naturally replenished, such as sunlight, wind, and geothermal heat, considered environmentally friendly."

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Catalytic converter
"Device in vehicles that reduces harmful emissions like nitrogen oxides (NOx) by converting them into less harmful gases."
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Ocean acidification
"Result of increased carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere