Resting Membrane Potential, Graded Potentials, and Action Potentials p2

Flashcards covering key concepts related to resting membrane potential, graded potentials, and action potentials.

Resting Membrane Potential (RMP)

The voltage measured in the resting state of all cells, ranging from -50 to -90 mV.

Na+-K+ Pump

A protein that maintains the resting membrane potential by pumping 3 Na+ ions out of the cell and 2 K+ ions into the cell.

Depolarization

A decrease in membrane potential, making the inside of the membrane less negative (more positive) than the resting potential.

Hyperpolarization

An increase in membrane potential, making the inside of the membrane more negative than the resting potential.

Graded Potentials

Short-distance, short-lived change in membrane potential that occurs in dendrites and cell bodies.

Action Potentials

Long-distance, long-lived signals that occur in axons in response to depolarization.

Electrochemical Gradient

The combined effect of concentration and electrical gradients that influence ion movement across the membrane.

Absolute Refractory Period

The time during which a neuron cannot trigger another action potential because the voltage-gated Na+ channels are open.

Relative Refractory Period

The period during repolarization where a stronger than normal stimulus is required to initiate an action potential.

Saltatory Conduction

The rapid propagation of action potentials along myelinated axons due to the 'jumping' of the action potential between nodes of Ranvier.