Motor Milestones for Babies (0-5 Years) | Medicine Study Guide

What are milestones for a NEWBORN baby in SUPINE?

1. Random arm and leg movements

2. Limbs are flexed and don't extend completely

3. Head is kept ONE side (neck muscles aren't strong enough to hold head in midline yet)

What are milestones for a NEWBORN baby in PRONE?

1. Legs Flexed UNDER Pelvis (froggy)

2. Pelvis doesn't touch supporting surfaces

3. Infant cannot lift head into extension

What are milestones for a NEWBORN baby in a PULL TO SIT?

Full head lag seen

What is the significance of the milestones of a NEWBORN?

ATNR reflex is commonly seen here

What are milestones for a ONE MONTH baby in SUPINE?

1. Head kept on ONE side

2. Random movement seen

3. Limbs never fully extended

What are milestones for a ONE MONTH baby in PRONE?

Head lifting and turning head

What is the significance of the milestones for a ONE MONTH old baby?

Increases ability to clear airway

What are the milestones for a TWO MONTH old baby in SUPINE?

1. Head position becoming more symmetrical (midline)

2. Visually follow object and attempt grasp

3. ATNR may be used to swipe at toys or look at person but is not obligatory

4. Random upper and lower extremity movement

What are the milestones for a TWO MONTH old baby in PRONE?

1. Increased Head control and lowered pelvis

2. Momentarily lift head into 45

3. Spine is slightly more extended

4. Increase ROM of shoulder Abd and Hip extension

What are the milestones for a TWO MONTH old baby in SUPPORTED SIT?

Head bobbing erect

What are the milestones for a TWO MONTH old baby in VENTRAL SUSPENSION?

Head compensate, not legs

What is the significance of the milestones for a TWO MONTH old baby?

Allow increased head lifting and turning

What are the milestones for a THREE MONTH old baby in SUPINE?

1. Head mostly in midline

2. Eyes and hands are linked to allowed reaching, gasping, and shaking rattle

3. See feet rubbing together

4. Frog leg position

What are the milestones for a THREE MONTH old baby in PRONE?

1. Head mostly in midline

2. Head held consistently to 45 extension

3. Developing extension in upper trunk

4. Props up on forearms (AKA prone on elbows/prone puppy)

What are milestones for a THREE MONTH old baby in SUPPORTED SITTING

Spine is flexed, and head is forward of bobs

What are milestones for a THREE MONTH old baby in SUPPORTED STANDING?

Baby is beginning to take weight

What is the significance of the milestones for THREE MONTH old babies?

Developing more symmetry

What are milestones for FOUR MONTH old babies in SUPINE?

1. Midline head orientation

2. Increased shoulder strength

3. Can bring hands together to midline

4. Can bring hands together to knees - Allows for roll to sideling, helps develop control of pelvic tilt

What are milestones for FOUR MONTH old babies in PRONE?

1. Extension strength increases

2. Forearm support is maintained with compensatory scapular adduction to increase extension. (helps to develop extension and anterior tilt of pelvis)

3. Accidental rolling occurs with weight shift in forearm support

4. Head help to 90 indefinitely

What are milestones for FOUR MONTH old babies in PULL TO SIT?

Head kept in line with body

What are milestones for FOUR MONTH old babies in VENTRAL SUSPENSION?

Head and leg compensate

What are milestones for FOUR MONTH old babies in VERTICAL SUSPENSION?

Head remains in midline or tilts

What are milestones for FOUR MONTH old babies in SUPPORTED SIT?

Attempts to assist in trunk control

Head stays in line with body when tilted on the side

What are milestones for FOUR MONTH old babies in SUPPORTED STAND?

Baby takes weigh through extended LEs

What is the significance of FOUR MONTH old milestones?

1. Symmetry and head control

2. Posture and movement changes from asymmetry to symmetry

3. Should be LOSING ATNR

4. Bring hands together in midline and objects to mouth with both hands.

What are milestones for FIVE MONTH old babies in SUPINE?

1. Flex neck and lift head off surface showing antigravity neck flexion

2. Bring feet to mouth

3. Rolls prone to supine

What are milestones for FIVE MONTH old babies in PRONE?

1. Able to attain extended arms support

2. Shows "swimming" posture

3. In forearm support, baby begins to reach out

What are milestones for FIVE MONTH old babies in SIDE LYING?

Antigravity lateral flexion of neck

Equilibrium reactions are developing

What are milestones for FIVE MONTH old babies in PULL TO SIT?

Leads movement with chin tuck and head in front of body

What are milestones for FIVE MONTH old babies in SUPPORTED SIT?

CANNOT sit independently

What are milestones for FIVE MONTH old babies in SUPPORTED STAND?

Takes almost full weight through feet

What is the significance of the FIVE MONTH old milestones?

1. Head control is FULL DEVELOPED - can extend head in prone, can flex head in supine, can laterally flex in sideling

2. Movement show dissociation of head and limbs

3. Reciprocal kicking in supine (3-5 month)

Note: Prop sitting can be seen - sitting with arms supporting body (tripod)

What are the mile stones of a SIX MONTH old baby in SUPINE?

1. Baby ROLLS Supine to Prone

2. Rolls with segmental control

What are milestones of a SIX MONTH old baby in PRONE?

1. Starts to "pivot" in prone?

2. Can weight shift and reach in prone easily

3. Rolls to supine SEGMENTALLY

What are milestones of a SIX MONTH old baby in VENTRAL SUSPENSION?

1. Parachute reaction (protective UE Extension)

What are milestones of a SIX MONTH old baby in PULL TO SIT?

1. Assists with movements

2. Sometimes pull to stand

What are milestones of a SIX MONTH old baby in SITTING?

Baby can SIT INDEPENDENTLY when placed with WIDE BOS and hand support (tripod sit)

What are milestones of a SIX MONTH old baby in SUPPORTED STANDING?

1. Bear full weight on extended legs and bounce

2. Generated proprioceptive and vestibular stimulation

What is the significance of SIX MONTH old milestones?

1. Protective Extension occurs in sitting (Anterior PE)

What are milestones for SEVENTH MONTH old babies in PRONE?

1. Prone Pivots well and begins to crawl (combat crawl)

2. Assume these position: Quadruped (hands and knees)

3. Bear Stance (Hands and Feet)

Weight bearing through hands develops hand arches and contributes to tactile system development

What are milestones for SEVENTH MONTH old babies in SIDELYING?

Bears weight (like a side plank)

What are milestones for SEVENTH MONTH old babies in SITTING?

Improved trunk control

Functional position: to play with objects

Sit INDEPENDENTLY w/narrowed BOS for about ONE MINUTE

Can cross midline when reaching

Lateral Protective reactions emerging

What are milestones for SEVENTH MONTH old babies in PULL TO STAND?

Using UE (NO LE)

Increased trunk strength, so needs LESS USE of LEs for stability (decreasing BOS)

What is the significance of SEVENTH MONTH milestones?

Transition from QUADRUPED into SIT requires TRUNK ROTATION

What are milestones for EIGHT MONTH old babies in PRONE?

Creeps

-Reciprocal forward movement on hands and knees

-QUADRUPED crawling

-May "Bear Walk"

What are milestones for EIGHT MONTH old babies in SITTING?

1. Very functional position

2. Sits independently for about 10 minutes

3. Back is straight and hands are free to play or catch self if off balance

4. Trunk moves more segmentally

What are milestones for EIGHT MONTH old babies in STANDING?

1. At support when placed

2. Uses for weight bearing and wise BOS

3. May show weight shifting on feet side to side

What is the significance of EIGHT MONTH milestones?

1. Transition from sit to quadruped - from stand to sit WITHOUT ECCENTRIC control

2. Kneels - Support with Lordosis

3. Walks - with 2 hands held

During which timeframe can infants log roll?

4-6 months

During what timeframe can infants roll segmentally?

6-8 months

What are milestones for NINE MONTH old babies in FLOOR POSITION?

1. Baby has good trunk control

2. Backwards protective reactions developing

3. Sitting Positions: Ring and side sit (good for transitional position), Side-Sit, Long and Tailor (crisscross) sit, NO "W" sit - too stable, locks them into a position and doesn't require trunk use

4. Supported (tall) kneeling

What are milestones for NINE MONTH old babies in TRANSITION?

1. Supported kneeling - Shows active hip extension in tall kneel

2. Climbing - Starting to climb on objects

3. Pull to Stand - at object with increased used of Legs

4. Transition - Half Kneel to stand at support, requires quad and glute strength

What are milestones for NINE MONTH old babies in LOCOMOTION AND GAIT?

1. Cruises - lateral movements along furniture

2. Locomotion - Creeping is main mode

What is the significance of NINE MONTH old milestones?

1. Combining GM and FM skills

2. Increases exploration of environment and object

What are milestones for TEN MONTH old babies in TRANSITION?

1. Lots of climbing

2. Stand to Sits - More controlled, Gaining Eccentric control of LEs

What is the significance of TEN MONTH old babies?

Using wide BOS when performing higher level FM activities

What are milestones of ELEVEN MONTH old babies in FLOOR POSITION?

Can short sit (bench sit)

What are milestones for ELEVEN MONTH old babies in LOCOMOTION AND GAIT?

Baby stands with one hand held

What is the significance of milestones for ELEVEN MONTH old babies?

Baby is an active explorer

What are milestones for TWELVE MONTH old babies in TRANSITION?

1. Transition with complete dissociation

2. Sit to stand transition

-Complete use of LEs

-Can transition to stand

from middle of floor

-Squat to pick up toy on

ground and return to standing

-Take 3 steps without losing balance

What are milestones for TWELVE MONTH old babies in LOCOMOTION AND GAIT?

1. Climbs onto adult chair

2. Stands: without support momentarily - with scapular adduction

What are milestones for 12-14 MONTH old babies in FLOOR POSITION?

Tall Kneels without support

What are milestones for 12-14 MONTH old babies in TRANSITIONS?

Stairs (by 14 months) - creeps up 2-3 steps on hands and knees

What are milestones for 12-14 MONTH old babies in LOCOMOTION AND GAIT?

1. Begins to walk

-With "high guard" position

-Arms out, wide BOS, no pelvic weight shift

-Unaided for 5 steps

What is the significance of 12-14 MONTH old milestones?

Push and Pull objects

What are the milestones for 13-15 MONTH old babies in LOCOMOION AND GAIT?

1. Gait

-Several steps INDEPENDENTLY

-Lateral weight shift with abducted legs

-Beginning walker keeps hips and knees slightly flexed to bring COM closer to ground

-Moves forward by total LE flexion with hips staying in ER during gait cycle

-Minimal ankle movements

-Foot pronated as whole foots contact ground

What is the significance of 13-15 MONTH old milestones?

1. New walkers hold UEs in high guard

-Arms held high

-Scapula Abducted shoulders in ER and Abd, Elbow flexed, wrist and fingers extended

2. Small steps and moves slowly

-Minimal SLS = instability

-Progressing trunk stability, more extended hips and knees

-Feet develop plantarflexion (needed for push off phase)

3. Walkers practice A LOT

-9000 steps a day

4. Walks Independently 5 Steps

-Loses balance during gait if stops suddenly

Lack of Eccentric Control

What are the milestones for 15-18 MONTH old babies in TRANSITION?

1. Prone to stand

2. Stand to sit "plop"

What are the milestones for 15-18 MONTH old babies in LOCOMOTION AND GAIT?

1. Stairs

-Descends: Creep backward down 3 steps without support

-Ascends: Walks 4 steps Without support

- Help on railing: Can ascend and descend stairs non - reciprocally

What is the signficnace of the 15-18 MONTH old milestones?

1. Trunk rotation and walks 10 m Quickly

2. Foot contact is with TOE FIRST

3. Can walk sideways 5-10 steps

4. Walks backwards 5-10 steps

5. Throwing

- Steps before and after throwing ball by extended arm with no rotation

6. Catching

-Outstretched arms

-Eyes closed due to lack of hand eye coordination

7. Kicking

-Lifts foot with contacts large balls

What are the milestones for 18 MONTH old LOCOMOTION AND GAIT?

1. Gait

-Reciprocal arm swing

-Heel strike seen

-Can stop or start at will

-See "fast/run" with little knee motion

2. Stairs

-Can help step down a curb

What is the significance of 18 MONTH old milestones?

1. Spends a lot of time in weight bearing position

-Help increase proprioceptive and kinesthetic input (vestibula feedback)

-Increased awareness of body in space and initiative to exploring