10. PTSD

what is PTSD?

a disturbing pattern of behavior after experiencing, witnessing, or being confronted with a traumatic event

• ex: natural disaster, combat/war, assault

common immediate reaction tied to PTSD

intense fear, helplessness, terror

symptoms of PTSD

• flashbacks

  • reexperiencing thru dreams or intrusive thoughts

• avoidance

• negative thoughts

• hyperarousal (being on guard)

what does avoidance mean in PTSD?

avoiding people/places/things or thoughts that remind the person of the trauma

what does negative cognition/thoughts mean in PTSD?

• persistent negative thoughts/mood

• emotional numbing

• feeling disconnected from others

common signs of hyperarousal in PTSD

• insomnia

• irritability

• angry outbursts

when can PTSD symptoms start after trauma?

3 months or more after the trauma

what is acute stress disorder?

similar symptoms after a trauma that last a short time (between 3 days and 1 month)

difference between PTSD vs acute stress disorder

• acute stress disorder = short-term (3 days to 1 month)

• PTSD lasts at least 3 months and is chronic

how does PTSD typically behave over time?

symptoms can fluctuate in intensity/severity

what can worsen PTSD symptoms later on?

other life events can exacerbate symptoms

what comorbidities can PTSD cause?

• depression

• anxiety disorders

• alcohol or substance use disorder

key diagnostic difference between PTSD and most anxiety disorders

it requires a causative traumatic event first

common PTSD treatments

• counseling/therapy (often outpatient)

• CBT/specialized therapy programs

• exposure therapy

• SSRIs/SNRIs

• CBT + meds more effective than either alone