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Oral Communication
It is the process of verbally transmitting information and ideas from one individual or group to another. It can be either formal or informal.
Examples of informal oral communication
Face-to-face conversations.
Telephone conversations.
oldest known handbook on effective speech
was written on papyrus in Egypt some 4500 years ago.
ORATOR
someone who is good at public speaking.
GREAT ROMAN LEADER CICERO
used his speeches to defend liberty and wrote several weeks about oratory in general.
1. Organizing your thoughts logically. (Summary-Introduction-Discussion-Summary)
2. Tailoring your message to your audience.
3. Telling a story for a maximum impact.
4. Adapting to listener feedback.
Similarities Between Public Speaking and Conversation
1. Public speaking is more highly structured.
2. Public speaking requires more formal language.
3. Public speaking requires a different method of delivery.
Differences Between Public Speaking and Conversation
STAGE FRIGHT
– the anxiety over the prospect of giving a speech in front of an audience.
If you feel nervous about giving a speech, you are in very good company.
In other words, it is perfectly normal – even desirable – to be nervous at the start of the speech. Your body is responding as it would to any stressful situation – by producing extra adrenaline.
NERVOUSNESS IS NORMAL
ADRENALINE
– a hormone released into the bloodstream in response to physical or mental stress. (This sudden shot of adrenaline is what makes your heart race, your hands shake, your knees knock, and your skin perspire.)
DEALING WITH NERVOUSNESS
Rather than trying to eliminate ever trace of stage fright, you should aim at transforming it from a negative force into what one expert calls:
POSITIVE NERVOUSNESS
“a zesty, enthusiastic, lively feeling with a slight edge to it…. It’s still nervousness, but it feels different. You’re no longer victimized by it; instead, you’re vitalized by it. You’re in control of it.”
Controlled nervousness that helps energize a speaker for a presentation.
1. Acquire Speaking Experience.
2. Prepare, Prepare, Prepare.
3. Think positively.
4. Use the Power of Visualization.
5. Know that Most Nervousness is Not Visible.
6. Do not Expect Perfection.
SIX WAYS TO TURN NERVOUSNESS FROM A NEGATIVE FORCE INTO A POSITIVE ONE
visualization
– mental imaging in which a speaker vividly pictures himself or herself giving a successful presentation
Be at your best physically and mentally.
As you are waiting to speak, quietly tighten and relax your leg muscles, or squeeze your hands together and then release them.
Take a couple slow, deep breaths before you start to speak.
Work especially hard on your introduction.
Make eye contact with members of your audience.
Concentrate on communicating with your audience rather than worrying about your stage fright.
Use visual aids. They create interest, draw attention away from you, and make you feel less self-conscious.
Tips to Dealing with Nervousness in Your First Speeches
CRITICAL THINKING
To some extent, it is a matter of logic – of being able to spot weaknesses in other people’s arguments and to avoid them in your own. It also involves related skills such as distinguishing fact from opinion, judging the credibility of statements, and assessing the soundness of evidence. In the broadest sense, critical thinking is focused, organized thinking – the ability to see clearly the relationships among ideas.
focused, organized thinking about such things as the logical relationships among ideas, the soundness of evidence, and the differences between fact and opinion.
1. Speaker.
2. Message.
3. Channel.
4. Listener.
5. Feedback.
6. Interference.
7. Situation.
SPEECH COMMUNICATION PROCESS
Speaker
It is where the speech communication begins
Message
It is whatever a speaker communicates to someone else.
Channel
It is the means by which a message is communicated.
Listener
is the person who receives the communicated message from the speaker.
frame of reference
– the sum of a person’s knowledge, experience, goals, values, and attitudes. No two people can have exactly the same frame of reference
Feedback
is the message, usually nonverbal, sent from a listener to a speaker.
Interference
It is anything that impedes the communication of a message.
internal interference
– this comes from within your audience.
external interference
– these happens outside your audience
Situation.
It is the time and place in which speech communication occurs.
America
Melting Pot of the World
the first universal nation
mostly from Asia and Latin America – has transformed the United States into what one writer calls “__________” , a multicultural society of unmatched diversity.
CNN
is a broadcasted to more than 1 billion people globally.
