ATP Preduction effected by DKD

How does hyperglycemia affect ATP production in cells?

High glucose levels increase substrate availability, leading to excessive ATP production, which can cause oxidative stress and cellular damage.

What is the consequence of increased ATP production in kidney cells during DKD?

Excess ATP causes overactivation of cellular processes, leading to oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction.

What are the overall effects of hyperglycemia-induced changes in ATP production on kidney function in diabetic kidney disease (DKD)?

Increased ATP and mitochondrial dysfunction lead to oxidative stress and inflammation, promoting fibrosis and scarring in kidney tissue. This results in loss of functional nephrons, impaired filtration, proteinuria, and progressive decline in kidney function characteristic of DKD.

How does mitochondrial dysfunction contribute to kidney damage in diabetic kidney disease (DKD)?

Excess ATP production overwhelms mitochondria, leading to mitochondrial stress and dysfunction. This causes increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which damage mitochondrial DNA, proteins, and membranes. The oxidative damage triggers inflammation and apoptosis of kidney cells, contributing to the progression of DKD.