The Contemporary World - Flashcards

Flashcards based on lecture notes covering global media, religion, cities, demography, migration, sustainable development, food security, and global citizenship.

According to Lule (2014), how many periods are there in the study of Globalization and Media?

There are five periods: Oral Communication, Script, Printing Press, Electronic Media, and Digital Media.

What is Cultural Globalization?

The sharing of ideas, meanings, hobbies, and values around the world in such a way as to extend and intensify social relations.

What concept did Samuel Huntington propose regarding the interaction between different cultures?

Clash of Civilizations - the intensification of conflict due to enhanced civilization consciousness.

According to Tomlinson, what is cultural imperialism?

When one or more cultures impose themselves on another, destroying local culture.

Who first coined the phrase 'Communication and Cultural Domination'?

Herbert Schiller in 1976.

What are the three paradigms regarding the role of religion in globalization?

The Modernist, The Post-modernist, and The Pre-modernist.

What is a key effect of globalization on religion?

Globalization transforms generic religion into a world system of competing and conflicting religions.

What are the three types of religious organizations, according to Emerson, Monahan, and Mirola (2011)?

Church, Sect, and Cult.

What are the five major world religions?

Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Judaism.

What are the characteristics of a global city?

Wealth, power, influence, and hosting the largest capital markets.

What are the attributes of Global Cities?

International Financial Services, Multinational Corporations, Financial Infrastructure, Economic Dominance, Manufacturing and Trade, Decision-Making Power, Innovation Hubs, Media and Communications, National and International Significance, Service and Information Sectors, Educational Excellence, Infrastructure, Diversity.

What are some reasons for the increase in Global Cities?

Expansion of Transnational Corporations (TNCs) and shift from mass production.

Name some criticisms of Global Cities?

Prioritizing connections with other global cities over national cities and neglecting domestic economies in favor of global networks.

What demographic upheaval has occurred over the past 50 years?

Post-war fertility rise in the developed world followed by a sharp decline, and a population explosion in the developing world.

What are the stages of Demographic Transition?

Stage 1 (High Stationary), Stage 2 (Early Expanding), Stage 3 (Late Expanding), Stage 4 (Low Stationary), and Stage 5 (Declining).

What is the Malthusian Theory of Population?

The theory that population grows geometrically, outpacing arithmetic food production, leading to poverty unless checked by war, famine, or disease.

What effects does globalization have on demography?

Influences migration, health, fertility, and age structures.

What are the environmental impacts of global population?

Increased greenhouse gas emissions and rising food demand increasing agricultural land use.

What are the components of International Migration according to Kritz (2008)?

In-migration, Return migration, Out-migration of nationals, and Out-migration of foreigners from a host country.

What are the driving factors of global migration?

Economic, Political, Social, and Cultural factors.

Name some Push and Pull Factors of migration?

Push Factors: Poor infrastructure, famine, inadequate medical care, high unemployment, etc. Pull Factors: Better infrastructure, advanced healthcare, job/educational opportunities, lower crime rates, etc.

What are OFWs?

People of Filipino ancestry living/residing outside the Philippines, including citizens abroad.

What are some challenges faced by OFWs?

Homesickness, communication/cultural differences, financial struggles, and maltreatment/risks.

What is sustainable development?

The organizing principle for meeting human development goals while simultaneously sustaining the ability of natural systems to provide natural resources and ecosystem services.

Name the Spheres of Sustainability:

environmental, social and economic

What are the 4 approaches to Economic Stability?

Steady State, Financial Stability, Concept of Sustainable Growth, Review of the Problem Stability

What is the UN Resolution 70/1 (or 2030 Agenda)?

A set of 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to serve as a blueprint to achieve a better and more sustainable future for all, meant to be accomplished by 2030.

What are the fundamental concerns considered in the Global Food Security Index?

Cost, availability, and quality in relation to 113 different nations.

According to the World Food Summit 1996, what is the relationship between food availability, access and utilization?

They are inter-related

If we don't solve world hunger what challenges will be faced?

Gender Parity and Aging

Name 3 UN goals to solve the Global Food Security challenge:

End hunger, achieving food security, improved nutrition, sustainable agriculture

What does global citizenship entail?

Moral, ethical disposition guiding understanding of individuals, groups, local and global contexts.

What skills do young people need to be effective global citizens?

Flexible, creative, proactive, able to solve problems, make decisions, think critically, and communicate ideas effectively.

What is glocalization?

The adaptation of global products and services to suit local cultures and preferences.

Define cultural hybridization.

The blending of elements from different cultures to create new cultural forms.

What is the impact of digital media on cultural globalization?

Accelerates the spread of cultural products and ideas, creating both opportunities for cultural exchange and challenges for cultural preservation.

How does globalization affect religious identity?

Can lead to both a strengthening of religious identity and increased interfaith dialogue and understanding.

What role do global cities play in the world economy?

Serve as centers of economic innovation, trade, and financial activity, driving global economic growth.

What are some social challenges in global cities?

Inequality, social segregation, and challenges related to integrating diverse populations.

What are the environmental challenges associated with global population growth?

Deforestation, pollution, and resource depletion.

How does migration impact the economies of sending countries?

Brain drain and remittance inflows.

How does migration impact the economies of receiving countries?

Fill labor shortages and contribute to economic growth.

What are the main pillars of sustainable development?

Environmental protection, social equity, and economic viability.

What are the aims of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)?

To address global challenges such as poverty, inequality, climate change, and environmental degradation.

What are the key factors affecting global food security?

Climate change, resource scarcity, and political instability.

Define global citizenship.

The idea that individuals have responsibilities to both their local communities and the world as a whole.

What are the benefits of promoting global citizenship?

Greater understanding and cooperation between people from different backgrounds and cultures.

What is cultural homogenization?

The process by which ideas, values, and aspects of culture spread throughout the world, leading to interconnectedness and uniformity.

What is cultural regeneration?

When a local culture reclaims its originality in the face of globalization, reaffirming its unique values and traditions.

What is global governance?

The economic, social, and political relationships that transcend national borders, influencing societies worldwide.

What is neoliberalism?

An economic system characterized by free markets, deregulation, and privatization, facilitating the flow of goods, services, and capital across borders.

What is economic globalization?

The increasing integration of economies and societies through cross-border flows of goods, services, capital, information, and people.

What is social globalization?

The interaction and integration of countries, people, and cultures, facilitated by information and communication technologies.

What is globalism?

A political ideology advocating for global cooperation and governance to address shared challenges.

What is cultural exchange?

The exchange of cultural ideas, values, and traditions between different countries and societies.

What is cultural flow?

The complex and dynamic interaction between local and global cultural influences, resulting in unique cultural expressions.

What is intergenerational equity?

The ability of a society to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.