Key Historical Timelines from Lecture Notes

These flashcards cover key concepts, events, and figures from various historical timelines discussed in the lecture notes.

What were the main products traded in North Africa during the Trans-Saharan Trade?

Gold, salt, and enslaved people.

Who was the prominent ruler of the Mali Empire known for his pilgrimage to Mecca?

Mansa Musa.

What was Timbuktu known for during the Mali Empire?

It became a center of Islamic learning and trade.

Which European explorer was the first to round the southern tip of Africa?

Bartolomeu Dias.

What significant event marked the division of Africa among European powers?

The Berlin Conference (1884–85).

Which kingdom resisted Portuguese colonial expansion in Africa?

The Ndongo Kingdom, led by Queen Ana Nzinga.

What were the main influences of the World Wars on African nations?

Exposed to Western ideas of democracy and self-rule, inspiring independence movements.

During which years did the decolonization of Africa primarily occur?

1950s–1970s.

What was the outcome of the Rwandan Genocide in 1994?

Mass killings leading to extensive social and economic unrest.

What significant architectural achievement is associated with the Khmer Empire?

Angkor Wat.

Which ideology did the Khmer Rouge aim to implement in Cambodia?

An agrarian, classless society.

What was a major reason for the decline of the Khmer Empire?

Overexpansion and invasions by Thai kingdoms.

What was the primary economic motivation for the rise of the Dutch Republic in the 1600s?

Commercial and naval power.

Who was the first leader of the Yuan Dynasty?

Kublai Khan.

What societal structure did the Qing Dynasty implement in China?

The Eight Banner System.

What did the Meiji Restoration signify for Japan?

The restoration of the emperor and the start of rapid Westernization.

What type of government was established in Russia after the 1917 Revolution?

A Marxist state led by Vladimir Lenin.

What was one impact of the Treaty of Versailles on Germany after World War I?

Imposed harsh reparations and limited military.

What is one key feature of the British Empire during the 19th century?

London became the world's largest empire, involved in the Opium Wars.

Which significant reform movement arose in India during British rule?

The Indian National Congress advocating for reform and independence.

What was the role of the Ottoman millet system?

To allow religious communities to govern themselves under Ottoman oversight.

What ended the Ottoman Caliphate and marked the official dissolution of the empire?

The abolition in 1924.

What event does the term 'Scramble for Africa' refer to?

The rapid European colonization and division of Africa during the late 19th century.

What was the legacy of the Ottoman Empire on modern Turkey?

Significant secular reforms and a shift away from Ottoman Islamic tradition.

What did Francisco Franco lead in Spain during the Spanish Civil War?

A Nationalist coup, with support from Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy.