Human Anatomy and Physiology Chapter 11-14 test

The afferent division of the PNS consist of

nerve impulses that convey impulses to the spinal cord

Which of these would the ANS not innervate?

skeletal muscle

Which cells of the CNS have an immune function?

microglial cells

The gaps between the myelin sheaths in an axon are called

nodes of Ranvier

During depolarization

the membrane potential decreases and the inside becomes more negative

When a depolarization reaches threshold, there is

an increase in the membranes permeability to sodium

The absolute refractory period ensures that

an action potential is an all or none event, enforces one way transmission of an AP, the neuron cannot respond to another stimulus

Which of these fibers has the slowest conduction speed

Group C

Which ion is needed for the exocytosis of neurotransmitter from the axon

Calcium

A postsynaptic potential:

doesn't always result in an AP, can summate, can be depolarizing or hyperpolarizing

Which neurotransmitter is an important mediator of pain signals?

Substance P

How are G protein linked receptors different from channel linked receptors?

they are slower and are indirect

A larger stimulus would cause:

more frequent action potentials

Motor areas of our brain are found:

precentral gyrus

Which of these fibers allows communication between the two hemispheres?

commissural fibers

The basal nuclei are involved in:

motor function, cognition and emotion, filtering out inappropriate responses

Which of these is not a function of the hypothalamus?

memory and sensory function

The part of the brain responsible for maintaining cerebral cortical alertness is the:

reticular formation

The part of the brain that enables smooth, coordinated skeletal muscle movements is the

Cerebellum

The part of the brain that relays sensory impulses to the cerebral cortex for interpretation is the:

thalamus

Parkinson's disease results from degeneration of

dopamine- releasing neurons

These brain waves on a EEG are seen when a person is mentally alert and focused:

beta

People with ________ lapse abruptly into REM sleep from the awake state

narcolepsy

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is made in the:

choroid plexuses

Which of these is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease?

neurofibrillary tangles, malfunctioning tau proteins, senile plaques

In ascending pathways to the brain, these neurons have cell bodies in the thalamus and send impulses to the somatosensory cortex

third order

This ascending pathway transmits impulses concerned with pain and temperature to the somatosensory cortex:

spinothalamic

Which of these is NOT an indirect (descending) pathway?

corticospinal

Transectioning of the spinal cord between T1 and L1 results in

paraplegia

Free nerve endings respond mainly to :

pain and temperature

Which of these is NOT a cranial nerve?

vagus

The nerve responsible for innervating the diaphragm is the:

vagus nerve

What is the final branch of the brachial plexus?

cords

Which plexus is responsible for innervating the back of the thigh, leg, and foot?

sacral

Which level of motor control involves the basal nuclei and cerebellum

pre command

All preganglionic neurons release the neurotransmitter:

acetylcholine

Sympathetic fibers must pass through the ______ to enter the sympathetic trunk (chain) ganglion:

white rami communicantes

Sympathetic innervation of the heart _______ the heart rate, parasympathetic innervation of the heart _______ the heart rate.

increases, decreases

What is the effect of binding to a beta-1 adrenergic receptor? ( hint: a beta blocker blocks this)

increases heart rate and contractility

When acetylcholine binds to a muscarinic receptor, the effect is

always excitatory

The system responsible for causing constriction or dilation of blood vessels is:

parasympathetic and sympathetic

The system responsible for regulating body temperature is:

sympathetic

The system responsible for dominating heart rate is:

parasympathetic

The system responsible for dictating the normal activity levels of the digestive and urinary tracts is:

parasympathetic

The parasympathetic system originates in:

the brain stem and sacral region of the spinal cord

Sympathetic postganglionic fibers mostly release:

norepinephrine

The nerve responsible for innervating the heart, lungs, and digestive tract is the _________ nerve

vagus

Which system activation produces longer lasting effects?

sympathetic

Which system is responsible for raising blood glucose levels and mobilizing fats for fuel?

sympathetic

Which system activates most glands except for the adrenal glands and sweat glands of the skin?

parasympathetic