psychopathology exam 1

definition of psychopathology

is the scientific study of abnormal behavior and mental disorders.​

what are norms

states and unstated rules for proper conduct within a society

what is culture

a society’s history, values, institutions, habits, skills, technology and arts

What is Dr.Thomas Szasz belief about abnormal behavior?

The deviations society calls “abnormal” are ‘products of living' not signs of something wrong within the person

elusive definition

difficult to catch, find, or achieve

What are the key features of pychopatholgy (four D’s)

Deviance, Distress, Dysfunction, Danger

What is the thing needed in addition to the four D’s when diagnosing psychopathology

context

what are Hippocrates Four Humors

yellow bile (fire), blood (air), black bile (earth), Phelgm (water)

What does Hippocrates believe is the cause for illness

excessive black bile and yellow bile

What does Hippocrates believe excessive black bile lead to

sadness or depression

What does Hippocrates believe excessive yellow bile leads to

agitation or mania

What does Hippocrates believe is the treatment for illness

quiet life, vegetable diet, temperance, exercise, celibacy, bleeding

What does Hippocrates believe about the moon’s gravitational pull

The moon had a gravitational pull on the brain, “cold and clammy,” believed to destabilize the brain’s fluid balance and trigger anxiety, disorientation, or seizures. ESPECIALLY THOSE ALREADY PRONE TO INSTABILITY

How was psychopathology treated in Europe in the Middle Ages

The church rejected scientific forms of investigation and controlled all education. MENTAL DISORDERS HAD DEMONIC CAUSES

Treatment for mental disorders in europe in the middle ages

trephination

How was psychopathology viewed in the 17th century

Salem Witch Trials - Hysteria was treated as a sign of demonic possession (witchcraft)

How was psychopathology treated in the 17th century

used as a pretext for persecution. Treatment was prison or death

diagnosis of a witch

An accused person was tied to a rope and thrown into a body of water.

floated = considered guilty of witchcraft

sank = innocent, but some were still punished

what does “zeitgeist (spirit of the times) matters” mean

context matters

What did the Age of Enlightenment give us

the enlightenment and evolution of psychology

How was reasoning done BEFORE Francis Bacon

reasoning was deductive (self evident truths)

deductive reasoning

general observations to specific (conclusion, experiment, evidence) TOP DOWN

strength of deductive reasoning

created logical consistent systems of knowledge

weakness of deductive reasoning

Could not fix false starting assumptions. If the first principles were wrong, the conclusions would also be wrong

inductive reasoning

use specific premises to form a general conclusion (data, pattern, conclusion) BOTTOM UP

Phillippe Pinel contribution to understanding of psychology

mentally unwell people deserve sympathy

What does Allen Frances mean by “saving normal”

save normal culture

Mechanistic research

Survey research at one point in time or more. It can be qualitative (open-ended questions) or quantitative (produces a total score)

survey research

confirming a previous theory or testing a new theory through surveys

limitations of psychopathology

cross sectional (single specific point in time)

may lack cultural sensitivity

self-report bias

social desirability

cannot prove causation