FEMALE CYCLES & REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
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26 Terms
scientific name of egg cell
ova (singular: ovum)
cilia
hairlike structures that sweep the egg cells in the oviduct to the uterus
zygote
fertilized ovum
ovaries
develops ova
oviduct / fallopian tubes
connects the ovaries to the uterus, site of fertilization
uterus
where the zygote implants itself to start development
endometrium
lining of the uterus
cervix
passage between the uterus and vagina that widens during menstruation to allow blood to flow
vagina
where sperms are deposited during sexual intercourse
vulva
opening of the vagina
progesterone
prepares the uterus for implantation and maintains the timing and duration of menstruation
estrogen
thickens the endometrium for potential pregnancy, controls the time and duration of mens
ovarian cycle
prepares the egg for maturity (28 days)
ovarian cycle: follicular phase
ova start to mature in the ovary
follicle
where egg cells mature in the ovary, surrounding the egg to protect and nourish it
ovarian cycle: ovulation
a spike in LH triggers the follicle to release the mature egg
luteal phase
corpus luteum increases progesterone, maintaining the thickness of the endometrium
corpus luteum
empty follicle, produces progesterone and estrogen to prepare the uterus for pregnancy
menstrual cycle
a cycle of hormonal and physical changes in a female’s body, preparing it for potential pregnancy
menstruation
process where a mixture of blood and discarded tissues leave the female’s body through the vagina
OVARIAN CYCLE vs menstrual cycle
focuses on the ovary and the development and release of eggs
MENSTRUAL CYCLE vs ovarian cycle
focuses on the uterus and the preparation and shedding of its lining
menstrual phase
endometrium lining thickens, sheds blood and tissue that was not used for pregnancy
proliferative phase
estrogen levels rise, uterine lining thickens
MENSTRUAL: Ovulation
egg cell waits (after being released) for fertilization
secretory phase
progesterone rises, hormone levels rise, endometrium’s thickness is maintained
Note 
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