ANATOMY: CELLS

plasma membrane (cellular structures)

• Definition : the membrane that surrounds the cell

• Function: control what enters/leaves a cell. Interacts with other cells in the environment.

• Structure: phospholipid bilayer; separates the cell from the extra cellular fluid; cholesterol: stabilizes membrane fluidity

  Proteins: membrane proteins, allow material to enter/exit the cell. Also allows for communication between cells

Organelles (cellular structures)

definition: membranous (membrane bound) structures within a cell of that carry out particular functions

Cytosol (cellular structures)

• Definition: the liquid portion in which the organelles are suspended. Mostly made of water with dissolved ions, nutrients, etc..

Cytoplasm (cellular structures)

• Definition: everything between the plasma membrane and the nucleus. Includes cytosol and all organelles.

Nucleus (organelle)

• The largest organelle, that stores, DNA and makes RNA (RNA is used to make proteins)

Nucleolus (organelle)

• a region within the nucleus that makes ribosomes

Mitochondrion, mitochondria pl. (organelle)

• Makes ATP (energy for the cell) from glucose

Rough endoplasmic reticulum (organelle)

• Has ribosomes to make secretory proteins, membrane, proteins, and organelle proteins

Golgi apparatus/body/complex (organelle)

• Packages proteins into vesicles and send them to the proper location

Lysosome (organelle)

• A bicycle containing digestive enzymes; Digest old organelles, etc..

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (organelle)

• The metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids; stores calcium; detoxifies harmful substances (such as drugs, alcohol, etc.)

Free ribosomes (structures in cytosol)

• structures that are used to read RNA and make proteins that stay in the cytosol

Cytoskeleton (structures in the cytosol)

• Definition : Protein fibers that maintain cell shape and are responsible for all movement

  1. Microtubules: maintain cells shape and allow organelles to move within the cell

  2. Intermediate filaments: provide physical strength to the cell; made of keratin

  3. My microfilaments: allow allows a cell to move or change shape; made of actin and myosin