General Chemistry Lecture Notes Review

This set of flashcards is designed to help students review key concepts from their general chemistry lecture, focusing on chemical reactions, the properties of water, and solubility.

What is the limiting reactant in a chemical reaction?

The reactant that is completely consumed first, limiting the amount of product that can be formed.

What is the mole ratio used in the reaction between zinc and hydrochloric acid?

1 mole of zinc reacts with 2 moles of hydrochloric acid.

What is the theoretical yield of hydrogen gas given a certain amount of hydrochloric acid?

It can be calculated using the mole ratio and molar mass.

What is the significance of impurities in chemical reactions?

Impurities can lead to byproducts and affect the overall yield, making 100% yield impossible.

What are the products of the reaction between potassium carbonate and hydrochloric acid?

Potassium chloride, water, and carbon dioxide.

Why is water considered the universal solvent?

Because it can dissolve many substances due to its polarity and ability to form hydrogen bonds.

What is the percentage of potable drinking water on Earth?

Only about 1% of the Earth's water is potable.

What property of water explains its high specific heat?

Hydrogen bonding between water molecules requires more energy to increase temperature.

What is the effect of polarity on the solubility of molecular compounds in water?

Polar molecular compounds dissolve in water while non-polar compounds do not.

What is the main distinction between cohesive and adhesive forces in water?

Cohesive forces are the attraction between like molecules, while adhesive forces are the attraction between unlike molecules.