Quiz 1 Neuro

Axon

main output extension of neuron, runs from the hillock to the terminal, can be very long

Axon Hillock

the start of the axon

Axon Terminal

the end of the neuron, where the pre-synaptic terminals are

Electrical synapse

direct, physical connection between two neurons, they share cytoplasm, allows the flow of ions through gap junction

Chemical synapse

connect adjacent neurons, do not share cytoplasm, use neurotransmitters to communicate, connect pre-synaptic neurons to dendrites

Pre-Synaptic cell

the neuron that send the message

Post-Synaptic cell

cell that receives the information

Neuromuscular Junction

the synapse between a motor neuron and muscle fiber, often uses ACh

Schwann Cell

can only be found in the peripheral nervous system, provides single sections of mylein sheath, and regenerates injured axons

Oligodendrocyte

only in the central nervous system, mylinates multiple neurons, helps conduction

Astrocytes

star shaped, maintains the blood brain barrier, have endfeet that wrap around the endothelial cells around blood vessels, synthesize and produce trophic factors (NT helpers)

Microglia

immune cells in the brain and spinal cord, ID and destroy clumps of proteins, foreign cells, and dead cells, react to CNS injuries

Nissel Stain

stains nucleic acids like RNA and DNA purple, good for neuronal arrangment

Golgi Stains

filling entire neurons with black stain, allows for seeing the structure

Central Nervous System

brain and spinal cord

Peripheral Nervous system

nerves that branch off and extend to the body

Nerves

bundles of axons that travel together in the PNS

Tract

bundles of axons that travel together in the CNS

Ganglia

a series of brain strucutres that control motor and habit learning, emotional processing, and action selection

White Matter

axons with mylein, pathways of communication

Grey Matter

dense with cell bodies and dendrites, location of most synapses

Photoreceptor

nerves for vision, found in the eyes, rods or cone shaped

Mechanoreceptors

nerves for touch

Chemical Receptor

tongue and nose receptors

Sensory neuron

interface with the outside world or with a sensory cell

Motor neuron

receive info from other neurons but sends info to muscle cells

Inter neuron

receive and send info to nearby neurons