GCSE DT | Quizlet

Hardwood

Timbers from deciduous trees e.g. oak, mahogany, beech, ash

Softwood

Timbers from coniferous trees

Oak

Hardwood. Hard, tough, durable, high density. Used in high-quality furniture and boat building. Finishes well, but contains an acid that corrodes steel

Mahogany

Hardwood. Durable, medium density. Used in indoor furniture, window frames. Finishes well, but is prone to warping.

Beech

Hardwood. Hard, tough. Used in workshop benches, children's toys. Turns and finishes well, but is prone to warping.

Ash

Hardwood. Tough, flexible, good elasticity. Used for ladders, sports equipment. Is flexible, but can splinter

Pine

Softwood. Lightweight. Used in garden decking, floorboards, children's toys. Has a nice colour and grain pattern, but is prone to warping and knots can fall out and leave holes.

Plywood

Manufactured board. Very strong, resistant to splintering. Used in boat building, drawers etc. Available in large sheets, thick sheets will not warp, can be laminated. Thin sheets v. felxibile and will warp

Chipboard

Manufactured board. Not v. resistant to water, strong in all directions. Used for large floor boards and decking, and flatpack furniture etc. Makes good use of waste materials. Not v. good around water, will chip and flake on edges

Medium Density Fibreboard (MDF)

Manufactured board. V. dense, stable and not affected by changing humidity levels. used for flatpack furniture, drawers etc. Thin sheets can make 2D shapes. Not v. good with water.

Hardboard

Manufactured board. Used for drawer bottoms, cabinets etc. Cheapest manufacture board. Not v. strong

Ferrous Metal

Composed mainly of ferrite or iron. Is likely to be magnetic.

Non-Ferrous Metal

Contains no iron, and consists almost entirely of pure metals

Alloy

A metal formed by mixing two or more metals or elements together.

Mild Steel

Ferrous metal. Tough, malleable, magnetic. Used for structural girders, car body panels. Easily worked and joined, cheap, can be recycled. Will rust, can only be case hardened.

Stainless Steel

Ferrous metal. Hard, tough, corrosion resistant. Used in cutlery, kitchen sinks, pots and pans etc. Easily cleaned, can be recycled, high lustre finish. Difficult to use and join - specialist welding equipment required.

Carbon Steel

Ferrous metal. Ductile. Used for nails, screws, nuts etc. Can be recycled. Will rust, can easily be heat treated

Aluminium

Non-ferrous metal. Lightweight, soft, ductile, malleable, good conductor, good corrosion resistance. Used for cans, window frames, kitchen foil. Easily drawn into wires and sheets, easily cast, can be recycled. Expensive, difficult to weld.

Copper

Non-ferrous metal. Malleable, ductile, good conductor, corrosion resistant. Used in electrical cables, plumbing fittings and pipes etc. Easily drawn into wires, can be recycled, easily soldered. Exspensive, will tarnosh over time

Zinc

Non-ferrous metal. Corrosion resistant. Used in protective coverings, negative battery terminals. Can be recycled. Brittle

Brass

Non-ferrous metal. Corrosion resistant, casts well, good conductor. Used in marine fittings. High lustre finish, can be recycled. Exspensive

Mild Steel (Alloy)

99.8% iron. 0.2% carbon

Brass (Alloy)

65% copper. 35% zinc

Ductility

The ability to be drawn or stretched into smaller, thinner sections

Malleability

The abilty to be deformed or compressed without tearing or cracking

Hardness

The ability to withstand abrasive wear and indentation

Toughness

The ability to withstand sudden and shock loading without fracture

Elasticity

The ability to return to its original shape once the deforming force is removed

Tension Strength

The ability of a material to withstand being pulled apart

Compression Strength

The ability of a material to withstand being squashed

Shear Strength

The ability of a material or joint, to withstand being slid or pulled apart.

Thermoplastic

Long chains of molecules that are tangled together and have no fixed pattern. Can be reheated and reshaped many times. Have a plastic memory

Acrylic

Polymer. Good impact strength, lightweight, good electrical insulator, durable. Used in fish tanks, furniture, car indicator covers. Can be recycled, finished well, available in numerous colours. Scratches easily, soft.

Polyethene

Polymer. Tough, resistant to chemicals, soft and flexible, electrical insulator. Used for carrier bags, toys plastic bottles etc. Can be recycled. A lot of waste ends up in landfills

Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)

Polymer. Weather resistance, weather resistant, lightweight, stiff, hard, tough. Used for pipes, shoe soles, bottles etc. Can be recylced, cheap to manufacture. V. expensive to recycle, dangerous fumes given off when burnt

High Impact Polystyrene (HIPS)

Polymer. Tough, high impact strength, rigid, good electrical insulator. used for food appliances, toys cutlery, DVD/CD cases. Available in numerous colours, can be machined and painted, can be recycled. Expensive, limited flexibility, will not biodegrade

Acrylonitrile Butadienestyrene (ABS)

Polymer. High impact strength, tough, scratch-resistance, lightweight, durable. Used for kitchenware, camera cases, toys etc. Available in numerous colours. relatively expensive

Polyester Resin

Thermosetting plastic. Good electrical insulator, hard, brittle, resists UV radiation. Used in boat hulls, adhesives, casting etc., Can be mixed to achieve a range of colours. Water resistant. Contracts on curing. Can cause excess heat

Urea Formaldehyde

Thermosetting plastic. Stiff, hard, brittle, scratch/stain resistant, high tensile strength Used in tableware, worktop laminates etc. Can be coloured. Gives off toxiv fumes when it cures

Plasticity

The ability to withstand weathering deterioration or corrosion

Durability

The ability to withstand weathering deterioration or corrosion

Carbon Fibre

Composite. High tensile strength. Aesthetically pleasing. V. exspensive

Glass Reinforced Plastic (GRP)

Composite. Lightweight, low maintenance, an endless range of colours, durable etc. Difficult to repair, time-consuming to manufacture. Produces a fine dust

Shape Memory Alloys (SMA)

Smart Material. A collection of metal alloys that remember their original cold form shape. Common SMAs are nitinol (titanium/nickel alloy) Used for glasses frames, braces etc. Realtively exspensive

Photochromic paint

Smart Material. A pain that changes colour when exposed directly to a UV light source. The base colour is white. Used in clothing and textiles. Over time the ability to chnge colour will decay (natural fatigue)

Reactive Glass

Smart Material. Glass that changes colour when exposed to UV light, or when a voltage is passed through it. Used in windows etc. Expensive to install and manufacture

Carbon Nanotubes

Smart Material. Cylindrical nanostructure made from carbon molecules. Join together to form long 'ropes'. have many forms like Single-Wall Nanotubes (SWNT) and Multi-Wall Nanotubes (MWNT). Six times lighter than steel, flexible, conductor, inert, good tensile strength. Expensive.

Steel Rule

Tool. For measuring up to 300mm in length

Measuring Tape

Tool. For making longer measurements up to 5m

Try Square

Tool. Marking out or checking right angles on wood or plastic

Engineer's Square

Tool. Marking out or checking right angles on metal or plastic

Mitre Square

Tool. Marking out o checking angles of 45 or 135

Marking Gauge

Tool. Used for marking lines parallel to the face edge and side of the wood

Cutting Gauge

Tool. Used for cutting across the grain of wood.

Mortise Gauge

Tool. Used for marking two parallel lines where a mortise and tenon joint is to be cut

Scriber

Tool. Used to scratch the surface of metal and plastic lightly

Centre Punch

Tool. Used to make an indent on the surface where holes are to be drilled in the metal

Micrometer

Tool. Used to make accurate measurements

Coping Saw

Tool. Cuts curves in woods and plastics

Tenon Saw

Tool. Cuts wood

Dovetail Saw

Tool. Used for small, accurate joints such as dovetail joints.

Adjustable Hacksaw

Tool. Cuts straight or angled cuts in plastic and metal.

Junior Hacksaw

Tool. Cuts straight or angled cuts in plastic and metal.

Jack Plane

Tool. Smooths and flattens wood to size.

Smoothing Plane

Tool. Used for finishing a surface and for use on the end grain

Block Plane

Tool. Removes sharp edges and makes a bevelled edge.

Firmer Chisel

Tool. General purpose chisel, with a square edge

Bevel-Edge Chisel

Tool. Has a bevelled edge that allows it to get into corners, and for cutting dovetails

Mortise Chisel

Tool. Has a deeper blade, and used to cut mortise joints

Gouge

Tool. Has a curve blade and used for carving

Rasp

Tool. Used for the quick removal of waste wood

Surform

Tool. Used for the fast removal of soft material

Flat File

Tool. Removes waste on large, flat surfaces quickly

Round File

Tool. Creates curves and fillets

Three Square File

Tool. Cuts into corners less than 90 degrees

Twist Drill

Tool. Twists or flutes away swarf

Flat Bit

Tool. Used to dril a hole through wood

Countersink Bit

Tool. Creates a depression for the head of a countersunk screw.

Hole Saw

Tool. Used on thin materials to make a large hole

Facing

Lathe Process. Tool moved at a right angle to axis, facing the end surface

Parallel Turning

Lathe Process. Tool moved parallel to axis to form a cylinder, reducing the diameter

Taper Turning

Lathe Process. Tool moved at angle to axis to produce a taper

Parting

Lathe Process. Narrow tool fed into work to trim the length or part from stock bar

Drilling

Lathe Process. Tail stock used to hold chuck into which a drill can be placed; as work rotates, the drill is fed into the work

Knurling

Lathe Process. Hardened steel wheel is pressed into the rotating work to produce a straight or diamond pattern

Tap Wrench

Tool. Used to hold and turn the tap

Taper Tap

Tool. Used to create an internal thread in a hollow tube

Split Die

Tool. used to create an external thread on a cylinder

Nut

Component. A threaded collar in which a bolt screws into

Washer

Component. A metal disc which helps spread the load generated by the tightening bolt

Bolt

Component. Made from high tensile steel. Has a hexagonal head, and screws into a bolt.

Countersunk Screw

Component. Screws into wood, with a countersunk head.

Roundhead Screw

Component. Screws into wood, with a rounded head

Knock Down Fitting

Component. Used in the construction of many flatpack furniture.

Round Wire Nail

Component. Nail with a large flat head, made from steel wire

Oval Wire Nail

Component. Nail with a head that can be punched below the surface, and have the hole filled.

Panel Pin

Component. Thinner nail with a head that can be punched below the surface, and have the hole filled

Halving Joint

Joint. Made by cutting away half the thickness of the material on each half of the joint. Can be used on corners, tees or cross halving. Can be strengthened by adding dowels

Butt Joint

Joint. The simplest form of joint, and the weakest. Formed by gluing the end of one side to the other.

Rebate/Lap Joint

Joint. One part of the piece being joined is left plain, and the other has a rebate cut into it, which means that the thickness of the material is removed to form a lip.