Bio 161 Exam 3 (Khan Academy-Autonomic Nervous System)

autonomic nervous system

functional division of nervous system, not structural like CNS and PNS

what neurons does the autonomic nervous system consist of?

efferent neurons

which part of the nervous system is the autonomic nervous system in?

PNS

what do the efferent neurons in the autonomic nervous system control without consciousness?

controls smoothe muscle cells, cardiac muscle cells, and gland cells

smoothe muscle cells

all over the body, around blood vessels

cardiac muscle cells

makes up heart tissue

what are the 2 subsystems of the autonomic nervous system?

sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system

where does the sympathetic nervous system start?

in the middle of the spinal cord in the CNS

where does the first neuron coming out of the CNS in the sympathetic nervous system synapse?

in a ganglion close to where the first neuron is

what does the first neuron coming out of the CNS in the sympathetic nervous system synapse with?

a second neuron

sympathetic chain

a lot of ganglia close to the spine that are linked together

where does the first neuron of the parasympathetic nervous system start?

either in the brain stem or the bottom of the spinal cord

what does the first neuron of the parasympathetic nervous system send out to synapse with the second neuron?

a long axon

where does the first neuron of the parasympathetic nervous system synapse with the second neuron?

in a ganglion at a distance from the first neuron

what do both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems consist of that connects the CNS to a target cell?

a chain of 2 neurons

what kind of situations does the sympathetic nervous system help one deal with?

dangerous or threatening situations

what kind of situations does the parasympathetic nervous system deal with?

non-threatening situation

when activated, the changes made by the sympathetic nervous system are important for what?

for preparation to either fight or run away

when activated, the changes made by the parasympathetic nervous system are important for what?

for homeostasis and maintenance

what body system controls the blood flow to intestines?

gastrointestinal system

what plays a big role in how much digestion the intestines can do and how much blood is available for other parts of the body?

the amount of blood flowing to intestines

when activated in a “fight or flight” situation, how is blood flow to the intestines affected?

blood flow to intestines is decreased

when activated in a “fight or flight” situation, where is blood diverted?

away from the intestines, often to skeletal muscle

when activated in a “rest and digest” situation, how is blood flow to the intestines affected?

blood flow to intestines increases

when activated in a “fight or flight” situation, where is blood diverted?

away from skeletal muscle because you are no longer in fight or flight and can now digest food

heart output

how much blood the heart is pumping out over any particular unit of time

when activated, how is heart output affected in the sympathetic nervous system?

heart output increases, pumps harder and faster, and pushes more blood

why does the heart output increase in the sympathetic nervous system?

so that things like skeletal muscle can get more blood flow

when activated, how is heart output affected in the parasympathetic nervous system?

heart output decreases, beats less often, and working less

why does the heart output decrease in the parasympathetic nervous system?

because you don’t need as much blood flow to the muscles for movement, so goes to a baseline level for resting and digestion activities

what kind of glands does the sympathetic nervous system activate?

sweat glands

what happens in the sympathetic nervous system when sweat glands are activated?

sweat is secreted and we cool down

what increases when sweat is secreted and we cool down?

our ability to move faster and farther is increased

what kind of glands are activated in the parasympathetic nervous system?

salivary glands

what do salivary glands produce?

saliva

what is saliva useful for?

digestion