Study of the Human Body Final Exam

Chapters 14, 5, 6, 7, 10, 9, 11, and 17

Which brain structure is associated with the limbic system?

hippocampus

Which conducts an action potential faster and why?

myelinated fibers; the action potential jumps from one node of Ranvier to another

The brain stem contains the midbrain, the pons, and the medulla oblongata. (T/F)

T

Which is the largest part of the brain?

cerebrum

The gap where there is no myelin sheath around a nerve fiber is called a node of Ranvier. (T/F)

T

Which of the following is associated with the PNS but not the CNS?

Schwann cells

Which of the following is part of the limbic system?

amygdala

Which of the following is part of the brain?

All answers including cerebrum, cerebellum, pons

Dopamine plays a central role in the working of the brain's built-in reward circuit. (T/F)

T

What is the summing up of the excitatory and inhibitory signals by a neuron called?

integration

The cardiovascular system is composed of the heart and the blood vessels. (T/F)

T

What is the instrument called that is used to measure blood pressure?

sphygmomanometer

Normal blood pressure is 120/80. What is the top number called and what is happening in the heart?

systolic pressure; ejection of blood from the heart

Which of the following blood vessels are small, thin, and porous enough to exchange substances at the tissue level of organization?

capillaries

What is considered the pacemaker of the heart?

sinoatrial node

What is the function of valves in the veins?

prevent backward flow of blood

The "lub" sound of the "lub-dub" heartbeat is due to what?

closing of the AV valves

What are the upper chambers of the heart called?

atria

Which of the following heart tissues is not part of the internal conduction system of the heart?

semilunar valve

When dissecting a specimen, Barry noticed that the arteries were thicker and more elastic than the veins. Why?

Arteries are under greater pressure.

Which term refers to uncontrolled growth of white blood cells?

leukemia

RBCs are better known as _____ and WBCs are better known as _____.

erythrocytes; leukocytes

Jeremy has type O negative blood. What type of blood could he receive in a transfusion?

O negative only

The two major components of blood are

formed elements, plasma

B lymphocytes are associated with

antibody production

Both red blood cells and white blood cells

are derived from the same type of stem cell.

The most abundant component of plasma is water. (T/F)

T

What hormone produced in the kidneys stimulates production of red blood cells?

erythropoietin

The final reaction in blood clotting is

fibrinogen to fibrin

Ray is considered a universal donor. His blood type is

O

What are the first antibodies produced by a plasma cell?

IgM

Which of the following is an autoimmune disease?

All answers including rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatic fever

Cytotoxic T cells contain which type of molecules that punch holes in the plasma membranes of potential pathogens?

perforin

Which of the following is a sign of inflammation?

All answers including redness, pain, heat, swelling

Where does the lymphatic system empty into the cardiovascular system?

the thoracic and right lymphatic duct

If the lymph system did not do its job, what would be one of the consequences?

edema in the tissues

Which autoimmune disease is associated with an inflammatory response that can damage the heart muscle and valves?

rheumatic fever

What are the main cell types involved in the inflammatory response?

neutrophils and macrophages

An allergic response is an overreaction of the immune system. (T/F)

T

Which of the following is a lymphatic organ?

All answers including spleen, tonsil, thymus, red bone marrow

The respiratory system is responsible for

O2 entering, CO2 leaving

The pharynx contains the tonsils, which protect against invasion of inhaled foreign particles. (T/F)

T

What diffuses from the air in the alveoli into the blood?

oxygen

The pharynx contains the vocal cords. (T/F)

F

Carbon dioxide is carried in the plasma as

bicarbonate ions

Inhalation is another word for inspiration. (T/F)

T

Which part of the respiratory system carries out gas exchange?

lungs

Where is the respiratory control center located?

brain

The right lung is larger than the left lung. (T/F)

T

Which part of the respiratory system is composed of skeletal muscle?

diaphragm

Which of the following is considered to be an accessory organ of the digestive system?

pancreas

Chad was concerned about eating foods with a high glycemic index because these foods can cause

rapid increase in blood glucose

Which accessory organ of the digestive system processes and stores nutrients, as well as produces bile for emulsification?

liver

Which of the following is NOT a function of the digestive system?

to deliver oxygen to tissues

The stomach is bounded on both ends by a sphincter. (T/F)

T

What is the major function of the colon?

form feces

What enzyme initiates the process of starch digestion in the mouth?

salivary amylase

Which of the following is a digestive hormone that causes the gallbladder to release stored bile?

CCK

Which of the following is necessary for strong bones and teeth, nerve conduction, muscle contraction, and blood clotting?

calcium

What hormones regulate the reabsorption of sodium and water in the distal convoluted tubule?

aldosterone, renin

Which of the following is part of the kidney?

All answers including pelvis, medulla, cortex

Which of the following is a metabolic waste product?

All answers including urea, ammonia, creatinine, uric acid

The kidneys help to maintain blood pressure by monitoring the pH of the blood. (T/F)

F

What is one of the earliest signs of nephron damage?

albumin or formed elements in the urine

What is the normal pH of blood?

slightly basic

The success rate for a kidney transplant from even a relative is fairly low. (T/F)

F

Approximately 99% of the water that is filtered in the glomerulus is reabsorbed. (T/F)

T

What are the two ways substances are removed from the blood and added to the forming urine?

glomerular filtration, tubular secretion

Which part of the urinary system is shared with the reproductive system in males?

urethra

In order to be considered infertile, how long must a couple go without achieving pregnancy despite regular unprotected intercourse?

1 year

A human zygote contains 46 chromosomes. (T/F)

T

Which of the following are found in the testes?

All answers including Sertoli cells, spermatozoa

During implantation, the embryo can be found in the

endometrium

Which of the following is only part of the female reproductive system?

ovaries

When does the reproductive system begin to function fully?

when puberty is complete

What structure is present within a follicle?

oocyte

Which of the following STDs is caused by a virus?

HIV/AIDS

During which stage of the ovarian cycle will LH spike?

ovulation