Cytology/Ananya Balusu/PHS

what is the cell theory

all living things are composed of cells and all cells come from other cells

what happens when a cell gets too large

it divides

why is there a limit to how big cells can get

cause there's only so much area

what nutrients go into a cell

O2, glucose, amino acids, nucleotides, vitamins, minerals, H20

what waste products come out of a cell

CO2, Ammonia, Urea, Uric acid, H20

what is the surface area of a cell

pir²

what is the volume of a cell

4/3pir³

what are prokaryotic cells

lack of nucleus and includes bacteria and blue-green algae

what are eukaryotic cells

has a nucleus, complex organelles, protists, fungi, plants, animals

what does karyo- mean

nucleus

what are bacterial cell walls made up of

polysaccharide

what is the cytoplasm made of

water and proteins

what shape is the chromosome inside of bacterial cells

circular

what is the cell membrane

provides a membrane boundary for the cell

what does semi-permeable mean

allows things in and out

what is the bilayer made of

phospholipid molecules

what do all living cells need to be surrounded by

fluids

what are embedded in the cell membrane

proteins

what are enzymes

proteins

what are ions channels

lets ions to travel through

what are transporter proteins

active transport needs ATP

what are receptor site proteins

to get medications, hormone neurotransmitters

what are recognition site proteins

WBC’s differentiate self vs foreign

what are immunosuppressant drugs

corticosteroids

what are autoimmune diseases

type 2 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatic heart disease, multiple sclerosis

what is diffusion

movement of substance down its concentration gradient

what are 4 factors that affect the rate of diffusion

difference in concentration, size of molecule, lipid soluble vs water soluble and temperature