legislative branch poligov

6 districts pang third

King George Collantes

how many districts in batangas and pangilan ang sto tomas and sino ung congressman natin

Sherwin Gatchalian

Faustino “Bojie” Dy

who is senate presi and house speaker

senate and house of representatives (congress)

the legislative branch is composed of the

bicameral legislature

two chambers

The country has a _ because the congress is comprised of … _

legislative

creation

enactment

amendments

primary function is __________________________ of laws

senate (upper house)

house of representatives (lower house)

what are the 2 chambers of legislative

254 - district

64 - partylist

how many r district reps and partylist reps

partylist reps 20%

Compose  __of the total composition of the HOR.

provincial Board ( or Sangguniang Panlalawigan), City Council (Sangguniang Panlungsod), and Municipal Council (or Sangguniang Bayani,)

Unicameral Bodies

one-chamber Legislatures

In Local Scene, The Legislative branch takes form of the __________________________________________These__________________ because they are only __________________

District Representative

Constituency based on the geographical division of provinces, cities, or municipalities

Party-List Representative

Constituency based on three types of participants: National Parties or Organizations, Regional Parties or Organizations ,  and sectoral parties or an organizations(Usually Marginalized and Underpresented)

24

elected at large or nationwide by qualified voters

six yrs

two consecutive terms

state the composition, manner of election, term of office, and maximum term of office of senate

318 present unless otherwise fixed by law

by district proportional representation and by partylist system

three years

3 consecutive terms

state the composition, manner of election, term of office, and maximum term of office of hor

Qualifications for Legislators in the Senate and The House of Representatives

1987

no member of Congress can hold any other office

separation of powers

• Bawal ang 2 or more offices handled,

Also according to the ___Constitution, _______________________________in the government to prevent conflict of interest and ensure the ____________________ among the branches of government.

• ____________ HOWEVER EXCEPTION LANG SA EXECUTIVE BRANCH, SILA LNG PWEDE MAY GANITO

STRUCTURE OF LEGISLATIVE BRANCH

• fourth Monday of July

• 30 days

SONA STATE OF THE NATION ADDRESS

• Congress is also directed to convene in session on the _______________________, unless a different date is fixed by law. 

• They are required to continue the session for ______before the next session opens. 

ITO AY YUNG

• Review the addressing problems of the SONA

• Make Laws

• three regular sessions before the term

During 30 Days:

• _____________________
  

• Congress must hold _______________________of its members expires. 

• special session

• However, the president may call upon Congress to conduct a __________________-when the need arises to discuss matters specifically selected by the president.

Sherwin ‘Win’ Gatchalian

Vicente ‘Tito’ Sotto III

Senate President:

Senate President Pro Tempore:

Bojie Dy (Faustino “Bojie” De Guzman Dy)

14 or 15 members 

Ferdinand Hernandez

Speaker of The House/House Speaker:

Deputy Speaker: Señior Deputy Speaker:

12 senate

12 hor

how many senate n hor compose commission on appointments

• Laws approved by Congress can be vetoed by the President.

• The Supreme Court may review acts of Congress and declare laws or their portions unconstitutional. 

• Congress cannot increase the appellate jurisdiction (meaning to expand the authority to review, revise, reverse, or modify judgments and orders of lower courts) of the Supreme Court without its concurrence.

• Congress has the "power of the purse" but must follow procedural constraints. 

• The constitution vests legislative power in Congress and prohibits arbitrary delegations unless standards are fixed. 

• Makes laws( Robin Padilla ) 

• Congress itself is subject to transparency rules. 

what are the checks on the legislative branch

resolutions

Aside from passing laws, Congress may also pass

A _ conveys the principles and sentiments of the Senate or the HOR..

resolution of both houses

joint resolution

concurrent resolution

simple resolution

what are the 4 types of resolutions

resolution of both houses

For example, Resolution of Both Houses no. 1, series of 2022 declares the winning candidates during the 2022 presidential and vice presidential elections.

HINDI

This is a type of legislative measure common in the Philippines passed by both the Senate and the HOR, often to propose amendments to the constitution, to address specific legislative actions, or to declare the results of a presidential and vice presidential election. give ex

magiging batas ba o hindi?

resolution of both houses

For example, Resolution of Both Houses no. 1, series of 2022 declares the winning candidates during the 2022 presidential and vice presidential elections.

HINDI

DECLARATION OR OPINION DI MAGIGING BATAS, HINDI MAAFFECT ANG PUBLIC, BASTA PAYAG UNG DALAWANG CONGRESS

JOINT RESOLUTION

"force and effect of law,"

MAGIGING BATAS

• For example, Senate Joint Resolution no. 2 (filed in 2025) aims to terminate the delegated authority given to the president to adjust tariff rates on rice. It is still on the committee level of the Senate.

• Batas

This requires the approval of both chambers of Congress and the approval of the president. This resolution has the_ without undergoing the full legislative process prescribed for the enactment of laws under the constitution. However, while a _ may have the _______________________ its legal power is limited in scope and duration. It is usually used to express the collective will of Congress and the president on specific matters of temporary or administrative nature, and not to create permanent statutory law. MAGIGING BATAS O HINDI

2 CHAMBERS & PRESI

GIVE EX

CONCURRENT RESOLUTION

Senate Concurrent Resolution no. 4 (adopted in 2025) aims to strengthen the national budget process by adopting and enforcing transparency and accountability measures to ensure public access to information and allow public participation in the deliberations of the 2026 GAA.

• Not batas

NO NEED APPROVAL NI PRESI. INTERNAL MATTERS LANG NG BOTH CONGRESS

NEED APPROVAL NG 2 CHAMBERS

•  This is used to regulate internal affairs or matters that affect the operation of Congress. This resolution also requires the approval of both chambers of Congress, but not the approval of the president. Unlike the joint resolution, it does not have the force and effect of laW. GIVE EX

MAGIGNG BATAS O HINDI. EXPLAIN IN OWN WORDS

SIMPLE RESOLUTION

ONE

AFFECTS ONLI 1 CHAMBER NO NEED APPROVE NI PRESI DI MAGIGING BATAS

• For example, House Resolution no. 8 (adopted in 2025) aims to adopt and implerent environmental sustainability policies for the internal operation and administration of the HOR

• This expresses the sentiment of the members of the chamber, It only affects _chamber of Congress, and it does not have the force and effect of law. GIVE EX AND EXPLAIN IN OWN WORDS

• MAGIGING BATAS O HINDI?

POLITICAL DYNASTIES

POLITICAL TURNCOATISM TAS MERON TONG SUPERMAJORITY BLOC

Issues and Challenges of The Legislative Process

which refers to the practice of switching political party membership. This usually happens immediately before or alter an election and usually favors the president's or president-elect's political party. This effectively leads to the abandonment of a political party, resulting in its weakening. Beyond damaging political parties, turncoatism has serious implications for democracy. It weakens the party system, leading to a political landscape that is personality-based rather than platform-based. Instead of voters choosing candidates based on coherent party programs, ideology, or policy proposals, elections become centered on personal popularity, name recall, and patronage networks. This undermines the development of genuine political accountability and long-term policy continuity.

Political turncoatism

"supermajority bloc

creates a __" in both chambers of Congress. Refers to a caucus or group of members of Congress with an overwhelming number of members, exceeding the usual number in a majority group. This involves almost all members of a chamber, while it diminishes the membership of the minority group or opposition.

create an unbalanced check on the president's powers, as they may serve merely as a rubber stamp for the president's orders. There would be an inability of Congress to stand up to the president when it comes to his marching orders.

PRESI

SENATE IS NOT HELD BY

WHILE MOST OF HOR IS HAWAK NI

POLITICAL TURNCOATISM

SWITCHES OF POLITICAL PARTNERSHIP LUMILIBAN KA SA IBANG PARTIDO USUALLY AFTER ELECTIONS

The Legislative-Executive Development Advisory Council (LEDAC)

RA 7640

This legislative agenda is submitted to Congress to make them aware of which laws the president deems important. WHAT REPUBLIC ACT

1. Proposals and Suggestions

2. Filing of Bill

3. First Reading

4. Committee Action

5. Inclusion of the Bill

6. Second Reading

7. Voting in the Plenary

8. Third Reading

9. Roll Call Voting in the Plenary

10. BICAMERAL CONFERENCE COMMITTEE

11. Ratification

12. Submission

13. Approval

PFFCISVTRBRSA

WHAT IS THE LAWMAKING PROCESS STATE EXACT