Geology Lecture Notes

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Eras

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Geologic time intervals based on the sequence of rock strata and different life forms.

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Precambrian Era

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4600 to 600 million years ago; characterized by bacteria and worms.

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Flashcards about Geology

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33 Terms

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Eras

Geologic time intervals based on the sequence of rock strata and different life forms.

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Precambrian Era

4600 to 600 million years ago; characterized by bacteria and worms.

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Paleozoic Era

600 to 225 million years ago; characterized by reptiles, insects, and land plants.

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Mesozoic Era

225 to 65 million years ago; characterized by dinosaurs, birds, and flowering plants.

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Cenozoic Era

65 million years ago to today; characterized by mammals and grasses.

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Fossils

Traces of once-living things that are preserved in rocks.

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Paleontologist

A scientist who studies early lifeforms by interpreting fossils.

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Mold

An empty shape formed in rock (such as a skeleton decaying).

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Cast

When a mold is filled with rock or minerals.

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Strata

Layers of sediment that have formed over millions of years where fossils are found.

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Index Fossils

Fossils that can be used to identify a particular time period or era.

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Petrified Fossil

Formed when minerals replace the structure of an organism.

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Carbonaceous Film

A very thin layer of living material that has been compressed in rock.

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Original Remains

An actual body or body part of an organism.

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Trace Fossils

Things left behind by ancient creatures, such as a footprint, nests, or scat.

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Continental Drift

How continents moved to their current locations in geologic time.

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Pangaea

At one time, all the landmass together.

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Theory of Plate Tectonics

The idea that the continental crust is broken up into large areas called plates that are moving very slowly in various directions.

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Convection Current

Pattern of moving liquid or gas particles when heat energy is transferred to a substance.

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Plates

Continental and oceanic crust segments of the Earth

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Ridges

Mountain chains that rise from the ocean floor.

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Trenches

Deep valleys on the ocean floor.

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Subduction

Collision between the oceanic and continental plates where the dense ocean plate slides below the lighter continental plate.

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Divergent Boundary

When neighboring plates are moving away from one another.

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Convergent Boundary

Where neighboring plates are moving towards one another.

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Transform Boundary

When neighboring plates are sliding past one another.

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Mountain

Part of Earth's surface that is much higher than the land around it.

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Mountain Range

A series of mountains formed when continental tectonic plates collide.

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Mountain Building

The process of creating mountains.

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Folds

Bends that form in rock.

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Anticline

Upward fold

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Syncline

Downward fold.

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Faults

Large cracks that form from breakage.