World War I and the Russian Revolution

How did nationalism affect Europe's great powers?

It caused competition among them.

The nations of Europe were willing to _____ to preserve their power and the power of their allies.

use war

What is conscription?

a military draft

Tensions increased in Europe after 1900 because...

countries had built up large armies

How did increased nationalism, which lead to competition and then to war, affect workers?

Nations could use war as an excuse for using their militaries to suppress internal disorder

Austria-Hungary feared that Serbia would...

create a large Slavic state

What two nations joined the conflict between Serbia and Austria-Hungary?

Russia and Germany

The Russian czar mobilized against Austria-Hungary because...

the Russian military leaders insisted

The German military plan devised by General von Schlieffen required...

war on two fronts

How did all the great powers of Europe end up in a war together?

Nations were drawn into the war to support one another

Trench warfare consisted of....

soldiers fighting the enemy from ditches

What happened to the war on the Western front as a result of trench warfare?

The Western Front became a stalemate

Why was "no-man's-land" so dangerous?

Many soldiers were killed while crossing it.

Which type of warfare is based on wearing down the other side with constant attacks and heavy losses?

war of attrition

Why did both the Allies and the Central Powers welcome new allies to their side?

to get more help in the battles

The United States entered the war largely of the issue of...

unrestricted submarine warfare

The war became a total war in which wartime governments...

set up planned economies

Governments controlled dissent and censored the news in order to...

maintain high morale and support for the war

What effect did the war have on women's jobs?

Women filled many jobs that men had held.

The war aided the women's movement because...

women had gained new independence during the war.

What was one major cause of the Russian Revolution in 1917?

the czar's decisions about the war and the economy

The Bolsheviks worked to gain control of...

the soviets

Why did Lenin sign the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Germany...

Lenin had promised that Russia would pull out of the war

What happened after the Bolsheviks seized the Winter Palace?

The provisional government collapsed

With great success, the new government used war communism to

get necessary supplies to troops

From 1917 to 1921, Russia had gone from a monarchy to...

a centralized state

A civil war began in Russia because many groups opposed the new Bolshevik government, including...

the White forces

The Treaty of Versailles was a peace settlement with...

Germany, Austria, Hungary, Bulgaria, and Turkey

German General Ludendorff decided to make a final offensive on the Western Front to...

end the military stalemate with the Allies

After emperor William II fled Germany in 1918, the country formed a...

democratic republic

Shortly after it was formed, who did the new German Social Democratic government face challenges from?

The German Communist Party

Which of the following did the Big Three agree to at the Paris Peace Conference?

establishing the League of Nations

The Treaty of Versailles declared that Germany had to...

make reparations to cover war costs of the Allies

Which territories did Britain govern as mandates?

Iraq and Palestine

On November 11, 1918, which of the following signed an armistice?

the Allies and the new Social Democratic government in Germany

The Treaty of Versailles created new nations, including...

Poland

To gain Arab support against the Ottoman Turks during the war, the allies had promised to...

recognize independent Arab states