Connectors, logic bridges & helper rules

~지만 (~ji-man)

But / Although (In-sentence verb suffix connector)

~느라 (~neu-ra)

Because I was busy doing [Action] (Time-stealing verb connector)

~라서 / ~이라서 (~ra-seo / ~i-ra-seo)

Because it is [Noun] / Since it is… (Vowel nouns take ~라서, consonant nouns take ~이라서)

~다가 / ~했다가 (~da-ga / ~haet-da-ga)

Mid-action timeline pivot / Situation flip connector suffix

~는데 / ~ㄴ데 / ~인데 (~neun-de / ~n-de / ~in-de)

But / And… (Paints a soft background context frame before delivering your main point; action verbs take ~는데, adjectives take ~ㄴ데, nouns take ~인데)

~면서 / ~으면서 (~myeon-seo / ~eu-myeon-seo)

While / Simultaneously doing… (Multitasking verb link; vowel stems take ~면서, consonant stems take ~으면서)

~기 때문에 (~gi ttae-mun-e)

Because I do [Action] / Because of [Action] (Heavy, clear cause-and-effect verb suffix)

~때문에 (~ttae-mun-e)

Because of [Noun] (Glued directly after a standalone noun with a space: 돈 때문에 = because of money)

[Stem] + 고 있어 (~eot-seo)

Continuing Tense

[Verb Stem] + ㄹ 때 (~l ttae)

"When/The time of doing [X]

[Adjective Stem] + 지다 (~ji-da)

Converts a descriptive adjective into a physical process verb

[Adjective Stem] + 아/어 하다 (~a/eo ha-da)

Converts an internal emotion into a visible action verb used for other people

~은/ ㄴ

modify descriptive verb into adjective for real physical things in the past ((when sentence focuses on s noun)

~는

modify descriptive verb into adjective in the present/future(when sentence focuses on s noun)

~는 가

modify verb into noun for abstract concept (act of doing a thing) in present

[Stem] + 면서 (~myeon-seo)

While doing [X]

[Stem] + 면 / 으면(~myeon)

If / When [X] happens

[Stem] + 아서/어서 (~a-seo / ~eo-seo)

Because / So [X]

[Stem] + 기 전에 (~gi jeon-e)

Before doing [X]

[Stem] + 고 (~go)

And / And then [X]

~아/어 보다 / ~아/어 봐 (~a/eo bo-da / ~a/eo bwa)

To try doing / Try it! (Attempt/experience structural helper formula)

~아/어 주다 / ~아/어 줘 (~a/eo ju-da / ~a/eo jwo)

To do an action as a favor for someone / Please do it for me (Favor and empathy modifier)

~아/어지다 (~a/eo-ji-da)

To become [Attribute] / Dynamic process shift (Converts a frozen descriptive adjective into an evolving state)

~아/어하다 (~a/eo-ha-da)

Actively displaying an emotion (Converts internal feelings into observable action verbs when describing other people)

~ㄹ 만하다 / ~을 만하다 (~l man-ha-da / ~eul man-ha-da)

It is worth doing [Action] / Passable (Vowel stems take ~ㄹ 만하다, consonant stems take ~을 만하다)

~는 중이야 / ~중이야 (~neun jung-i-ya / ~jung-i-ya)

Occupied in the middle of [Action verb structure vs. Standalone noun]*