CONSTR UCTION METHODS and PROJECT MANAGEMENT

CVE 407 - CMPM

It is the activity of putting together different elements, using detailed design and with a clear plan on how to do it

CONSTRUCTION

It comes from the word 'construct,' which means 'to build.' In engineering terms, construction is usually associated with large structures like houses, railways, and power plants

CONSTRUCTION

It involves many people with diverse interests, talents and backgrounds whose interrelated roles must be coordinated to assure a successful project

CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

The owner, the design professional and the contractor comprise the primary _______ of parties.

triad

OTHER VITAL ELEMENTS OF CONSTRUCTION INSDUSTRY: (5)

• subcontractors

• material suppliers

• bankers

• insurance and bonding companies

• attorneys and public agency officials.

TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION: (5)

• Residential

• Commercial

• Heavy Civil

• Industrial

• Environmental

It is for society including individual homes, apartments, condominium, and townhouses

Residential/Residential housing

This refers to construction dealing with the needs of commerce, trade, and government.

Commercial

EXAMPLES OF COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS (5)

• school

• banks

• hospitals

• theaters

• government buildings

This type of construction greatly impacts society since it deals with transportation

Heavy Civil

EXAMPLES OF HEAVY CIVIL BUILDINGS (6)

• roads

• bridge

• railroad

• dams

• tunnels

• airports

It is connected will buildings that are used for different types of production

Industrial

EXAMPLES OF INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS (5)

• chemical plants

• steel mills

• oil refineries

• manufacturing plants

• pipelines

It used to be part of heavy civil, but it now has its own section since it deals with projects that improve the environment

Environmental

EXAMPLES OF ENVIRONMENTAL BUILDINGS (3)

• sanitary sewers

• waste management

• clean water supply

It is a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product or service

PROJECT

It means that every project has definite beginning and a definite end

Temporary

_______ does not necessarily mean short in duration as some projects last for several years. However, the duration of a project is finite since projects are not on-going efforts.

Temporary

_____ are unique which means that the product or service is different in some distinguishing way from all similar products or services. Each individual facility is unique with different owner, different design, different location, different contractors, varying weather and so on.

Projects

Is the presence of repetitive elements does not change the fundamental uniqueness of the overall effort? TRUE OR FALSE?

TRUE

It is the application of knowledge, skills, tools and techniques to project activities in order to meet or exceed stakeholder's needs and expectations from a project

CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGEMENT

It is an organization's approach to on-going operations. It involves balancing competing demands among scope, time, cost, quality, identified and unidentified requirements of the stakeholder

CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGEMENT

Is Construction Project management knowledge areas including project integration which ensures that the various elements of the project are properly coordinated? TRUE OR FALSE?

TRUE

It is planning, coordination, and control of a project from beginning to completion. It is aimed at meeting a client's requirement in order to produce a functionally and financially viable project

Construction management

PROJECT MANAGEMENT ELEMENTS (7)

• Project scope management

• Project time management

• Project cost management

• Project quality management

• Project human resource management

• Project risk management

• Project Procurement management

It describes the process so that the project is completed within the approved budget

Project cost management

It make sure that the project will satisfy the needs on which it was undertaken

Project quality management

It includes the processes to make the most effective use of the people involved with staff acquisition and team development

Project human resource management

It is concerned with risk identification, risk response development and risk control

Project risk management

Are the ways to acquire goods and services from outside the performing organization

Project Procurement management

RELEVANT THEORIES AND LITERATURE (5)

• Parkinson's Law Principle

• Pareto Principle

• Student Syndrome

• Tragedy of the Commons

• INCENTIVES (economic,social,moral)

Work expands so as to fill the time available for its completion.

Parkinson's Law Principle

• It states that 80% of a project's benefit or results are achieved from 20% of the work, or conversely, 80% of problems are traced to 20% of the causes

• Improvement can be made by ranking the various causes of a problem and allocating resources to tackling those that have the largest impact. Focus on solving 20% of the causes and you would solve 80%of the problem

Pareto Principle

It states that a student will only start to apply themselves to an assignment at the last possible moment before its deadline. This eliminates any potential safety margins and puts the person under stress and pressure.

Student Syndrome

• Personal tools is owned so that workers will take care of it. If hammers, saws and other tools are owned by everyone then the tools will not be taken cared of. Heavy equipment like Concrete mixers and Vibrators are usually placed in the care of the engineer or foreman.

• Compartmentalization of work where each worker is categorized and will do a specific task and to be paid in relation to the performed task.

Tragedy of the Commons

• In the construction industry where there are salary deduction for workers. It may not always work if they don't have much care for the money or the workers are avoiding the most difficult work.

• A better remedy is to make them feel guilty by pointing the co-workers arrive at work on time. Or how they tend to avoid the work during the most difficult phase of the project

INCENTIVES (economic,social,moral)

_____ is studied as the most productive day of the week

Tuesday

______ is studied as the most productive time of the day

10 a.m.

A laborer is capable of lifting approximately __ pounds on his own.

94 pounds

If worker is performing the same task repeatedly, there is a • chance of low productivity after _____ minutes.

60-70 minutes

_____ is proven to be the least productive day of the week.

Friday

According to the_______________, productivity improvement remains a crucial need in the Philippine construction industry today as it faces formidable challenge of global competitiveness.

Construction Manpower Development Foundation of the Department of Trade and Industry

What are a problem in construction and one of the biggest contributors to project overruns?

Inefficiencies

It can improve productivity by giving users the resources to identify inefficiencies in the planning stage for more effective construction planning.

Construction

Can incorporate any identified labor inefficiencies into the budget and provide the tools to manage their impacts on productivity.

Work planners

Technology cannot eliminate inefficiencies entirely. TRUE OR FALSE?

TRUE

To be competitive, one must be highly productive, to be able to produce more and better-quality services with the less amount of same or even resources available to other competitors. TRUE OR FALSE?

TRUE

One way of gaining a competitive advantage in the construction market is ______ through efficient and effective use of materials, money and manpower.

productivity improvement

It form the basis for the project's contractual relationships

project delivery system

It dictates the span and duration of responsibility of each party involved in a project

project delivery system

It identifies the different types of contracts that are used to measure how the construction contractor will be paid for completed work

project delivery system

ETERNAL TRIANGLE OF CONSTRUCTION / 3 MAJOR PARTICIPANTS OF PROJECT DELIVERY SYSTEMS (3)

• owner

• designer

• construction organization

WHAT CHART IS THIS?

TRADITIONAL DESIGN-TENDER-BUILD RELATIONSHIP CHART

In this method, the contract for the design work is separate from that for the construction work.

TRADITIONAL "DESIGN-TENDER-BUILD"

The various lines connecting the entities in the figure represent _______; a contract would be 11 in place between any two parties connected by lines prior to the commencement of any obligations by either party.

contractual relationships

It is important to indicate that non-contractual types of relationships may also exist between parties involved in a construction project? TRUE OR FALSE?

TRUE

the term ______ is a strict, and time-consuming, project schedule sequence -designing, followed by tendering, followed by constructing.

DESIGN-TENDER-BUILD

WHAT CHART IS THIS?

TRADITIONAL DESIGN-BUILD RELATIONSHIP CHART

Also called design-construct method

DESIGN-BUILD

Also called design-construct method, is that the owner executes a single contract with an organization that becomes responsible for both the design and the construction of the project.

DESIGN-BUILD

WHAT CHART IS THIS?

AGENCY CONSTRUCTION MANAGER RELATIONSHIP CHART

The owner may engage a construction manager to provide professional construction management services.

"AGENCY" CONSTRUCTION MANAGER

The _______ provides advice to the owner regarding construction matters, including co schedule, safety, the construction process and other considerations; such advice may be offered throughout the project life cycle or at selected portions thereof

construction manager

In ______ type of construction management, the construction manager acts as advisor to the owner for a fee and the owner engages separate contractor and designer organizations.

'agency'

The _______ acts as an extension of the owner's staff and assumes little risk except for that involved in its advisory responsibilities.

construction manager

WHAT CHART IS THIS?

AT-RISK CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMER RELATIONSHIP CHART

The_____ construction manager occupies a contractual position between the owner and the execution contractors.

'at-risk'

WHAT CHART IS THIS?

PROJECT MANAGER RELATIONSHIP CHART

In this, the owner decides to turn the entire project over to an independent manager.

PROJECT MANAGER

WHAT CHART IS THIS?

DOCUMENT AND CONSTRUCT RELATIONSHIP CHART

This is a variation of the design-build arrangement, wherein the owner engages a design team to develop a project concept, overall schematic layouts, performance specifications and other preliminary design details sufficient to select a contractor or construction manager through a tender process.

DOCUMENT AND CONSTRUCT

After the contractor is selected, the design consultant's contract with the owner is transferred to the contractor through a process called ____.

novation

It is the substitution of a new contract in place of an old one

novation

WHAT CHART IS THIS?

SEPARATE PRIME CONTRACTS RELATIONSHIP CHART

The owner contracts directly with individual specialty contractors, each of whom can be considered as a 'prime' contractor, because there is no single general contractor to coordinate their work.

SEPARATE PRIME CONTRACTS

A ______ contract is one in which the owner and contractor agree on a fixed contract sum for a contract under which the contractor will take responsibility for the entire project.

turnkey

Turnkey has 3 prime responsibilities:

• engineering

• procurement

• building and commissioning the project

It provides basic and detailed design

engineering

It supplies parts and other goods required for the project and construction

procurement

Is the process of ensuring that all systems and components of a building or industrial plant are designed, installed, tested

building and commissioning the project

The parties agree on a fixed price and the contractor proceeds, with no participation by the owner, in the performance of the work.

TURNKEY

It is the type of project has evolved as a means of involving the private sector in the development of the public infrastructure

Build-Own-Operate-Transfer (BOOT)

In a typical BOOT project, the parties are likely to include the following: (6)

- CLIENT

- CONTRACTOR

- OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE CONTRACTOR

- SUPPLIERS OF MATERIALS

- LENDERS AND INVESTORS

- SPONSORS

Such an arrangement is 'a voluntary association of two or more parties formed to conduct a single project with a limited duration'.

JOINT VENTURE

_______ agreements are formed between construction firms or between design firms and construction firms; they do not include owners.

Joint venture

Each party is called a _____ or ______, they begin with an agreement between themselves, whose purpose is to seek the contract for a project.

coventurer or joint adventurer

It is where the project owner acts as the prime contractor and carries out the work with its own forces by providing field supervision, materials, equipment and labor

FORCE ACCOUNT

This method is confined to relatively small, uncomplicated projects that are built for the owner's use.

FORCE ACCOUNT

Also called as 'fast-tracking'

PHASED CONSTRUCTION

A method where tasks that would ordinarily be completed in sequential order are instead completed concurrently.

PHASED CONSTRUCTION

_______ emphasizes time rather than qualify and can sometimes fake longer than the usual process when applied to complex projects.

Fast-tracking

The simplest type of contract: the contractor is paid a pre-agreed fixed amount for the project, based on a contract for a specified amount of finished construction work.

LUMP SUM/ FIXED PRICE

This amount is paid without regard for the actual costs experienced by the contractor.

LUMP SUM/ FIXED PRICE

This type of contract is suitable for such projects as buildings, which can be completely designed and whose quantities are thus definable, at the beginning of the project.

LUMP SUM/ FIXED PRICE