Psychopathology - Chapter 1

clinical scientists vs. clinical practitioners

• clinical scientists: describe, predict, and explain phenomena that they study and observe

• clinical practitioners: work with humans to assess and treat mental illness/conditions

what are the four D’s?

• dangerous

• deviance

• distress

• dysfunction

what are the two D’s that are the most important?

• distress: the person does not want to feel that way

• dysfunction: the person cannot do what they want to be doing

what are the two broad factors that influence the determinations of psychopathology?

• norms: a society’s stated and unstated rules for proper conduct

• culture: a people’s common history, values, institutions, habits, skills, technology, and arts

what is cultural humility and why is it important for psychologists to adopt a stance of cultural humility?

making yourself familiar with the cultures of other people; being able to see things from other people’s perspectives is beneficial to giving the most adequate care

what are the three essential features that treatment must have?

• a sufferer who seeks relief from a healer

• a trained, social accepted healer

• a series of contacts between the healer and sufferer

what did ancient societies regard psychopathology as the act of?

evil spirits

what two solutions did ancient societies have for psychopathology?

• trephination: drilling holes in the skull to help the evil spirits escape

• exorcisms: helped release evil spirits from the body that was “possessed”

what did Hippocrates believe in when it came to his views on psychopathology and treatments?

illnesses had natural causes in the four humors (bodily fluids) and the best course of action for treatment was to live a quiet life, have a vegetarian diet, bloodletting, etc. hatw

what were views of psychopathology in Europe during the Middle Ages?

demonological views and practices became popular again because of a growing distrust in the sciences and the church gaining more power and demonizing medicine

what was mass madness?

a large group of people that shared hallucinations

When did the belief that the mind was just as susceptible to sickness as the body was become more popular?

the Renaissance

what caused the improvement of people with mental illnesses to stop during the Renaissance?

hospitals began to turn into asylums where people with mental illnesses were seen as “tourist attractions”

what was the moral treatment movement?

an approach to mental health that stopped physical punishment and began using compassion and daily routine

what was built in the nineteenth century that helped to improve care for people with mental illnesses?

state hospitals

what happened in the early twentieth century that stopped the moral treatment movement?

public sentiment began to shift and there became a stigma that was associated with mental health

what two opposing perspectives emerged as the moral treatment movement was declining?

1) somatogenic perspective

2) psychogenic perspective

what are three current trends in treatment of mental illness?

1) psychotropic medications

2) deinstitutionalization

3) private psychotherapy (for less severe illnesses)

what are the two branches of psychology that play a large role in the growing emphasis on the prevention of psychological disorders?

positive psychology and multicultural psychology

what are two examples of managed care programs?

1) federal parity law

2) affordable care act

what is the pro and the con of the digital world on mental health?

• new sources for psychological dysfunction

• new sources of treatment through telemental health