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what is naturalism?
moral values discovered by observing natural world
moral realism
cognitivist, so meaningful
what is right / wrong according to BENTHAM?
discover right / wrong through actions leading to pleasure / pain
motivation of humans = seek pleasure; avoid pain
quote showing how pleasure / pain is the way to know right / wrong
“nature has placed mankind under the governance of two sovereign masters, pain and pleasure”
how is right / wrong discovered under utilitarianism?
Principle of Utility
“an action is right if it produces the greatest good for the greatest number”
hedonic calculus
helps measure how much pleasure / pain an action will bring about
hedonic calculus
measuring how much pleasure / pain an action will bring about
intensity
duration
remoteness
certainty
fecundity
purity
extent
(I Don’t Really Care For Philosophy Ethics)
prime consideration in utilitarianism
amount of pleasure gained from action > laws / rules