utilitarianism (naturalism)

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6 Terms

1
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what is naturalism?

  • moral values discovered by observing natural world

  • moral realism

  • cognitivist, so meaningful

2
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what is right / wrong according to BENTHAM?

  • discover right / wrong through actions leading to pleasure / pain

    • motivation of humans = seek pleasure; avoid pain

3
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quote showing how pleasure / pain is the way to know right / wrong

“nature has placed mankind under the governance of two sovereign masters, pain and pleasure”

4
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how is right / wrong discovered under utilitarianism?

  • Principle of Utility

    • “an action is right if it produces the greatest good for the greatest number”

  • hedonic calculus

    • helps measure how much pleasure / pain an action will bring about

5
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hedonic calculus

measuring how much pleasure / pain an action will bring about

  • intensity

  • duration

  • remoteness

  • certainty

  • fecundity

  • purity

  • extent

(I Don’t Really Care For Philosophy Ethics)

6
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prime consideration in utilitarianism

amount of pleasure gained from action > laws / rules