Bennett Biology - Macromolecules

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Last updated 2:46 PM on 6/5/26
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21 Terms

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organic

A word used to describe most molecules that contains the element Carbon. Also called a biomolecule

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biomolecules

Organic molecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids.

<p>Organic molecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids.</p>
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macromolecule

Synonym for biomolecule

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polymer

A large molecule formed by many repeating monomers.

<p>A large molecule formed by many repeating monomers.</p>
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monomer

A smaller unit that is the BUILDING BLOCK of a polymer.

<p>A smaller unit that is the BUILDING BLOCK of a polymer.</p>
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protein

macromolecules that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and are needed to build and repair body structures and to regulate processes in the body.

<p>macromolecules that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and are needed to build and repair body structures and to regulate processes in the body.</p>
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amino acid

The monomer/building block for proteins.

<p>The monomer/building block for proteins.</p>
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enzyme

A specialized protein that catalyzes (speeds up) the chemical reactions of a cell.

<p>A specialized protein that catalyzes (speeds up) the chemical reactions of a cell.</p>
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carbohydrate

Biomolecule that includes sugar, starch, or cellulose and it serves as a major energy source in the diet of animals. These compounds contain only C, H, and O.

<p>Biomolecule that includes sugar, starch, or cellulose and it serves as a major energy source in the diet of animals. These compounds contain only C, H, and O.</p>
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monosaccharide

The building block of a carbohydrate; a single sugar.

Ex. Glucose, Ribose

<p>The building block of a carbohydrate; a single sugar.</p><p>Ex. Glucose, Ribose</p>
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disaccharide

A molecule formed by joining TWO monosaccharides through dehydration synthesis.

Ex. Sucrose (table sugar), and Lactose.

<p>A molecule formed by joining TWO monosaccharides through dehydration synthesis.</p><p>Ex. Sucrose (table sugar), and Lactose.</p>
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polysaccharide

A polymer of 3 or more monosaccharides, formed by dehydration reactions.

Ex. Starch, Cellulose

<p>A polymer of 3 or more monosaccharides, formed by dehydration reactions.</p><p>Ex. Starch, Cellulose</p>
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hydrolysis

A reaction with water that breaks a polymer into two smaller molecules.

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dehydration synthesis

A chemical reaction in which two monomers are bonded together with the removal of a water molecule.

<p>A chemical reaction in which two monomers are bonded together with the removal of a water molecule.</p>
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glucose

A carbohydrate (C₆H₁₂O₆) produced by photosynthesis. It is the form of sugar that is used by the body for energy.

<p>A carbohydrate (C₆H₁₂O₆) produced by photosynthesis. It is the form of sugar that is used by the body for energy.</p>
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starch

Polysaccharide made up of a chain of glucose (monosaccharide) molecules.

A complex carbohydrate in which plants store energy

<p>Polysaccharide made up of a chain of glucose (monosaccharide) molecules.</p><p>A complex carbohydrate in which plants store energy</p>
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lipid

Molecule consisting of CH and a little O includes: fats, oils and waxes. Its monomers are a glycerol and three fatty acids.

<p>Molecule consisting of CH and a little O includes: fats, oils and waxes. Its monomers are a glycerol and three fatty acids.</p>
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phospholipid

A lipid made of a phosphate group and two fatty acids. Consists of a hydrophilic polar head and two hydrophobic non-polar tails. Forms cell membranes.

<p>A lipid made of a phosphate group and two fatty acids. Consists of a hydrophilic polar head and two hydrophobic non-polar tails. Forms cell membranes.</p>
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nucleic acids

Hold our genetic information. Examples are DNA and RNA. Molecules consist of many nucleotides linked in a long chain.

<p>Hold our genetic information. Examples are DNA and RNA. Molecules consist of many nucleotides linked in a long chain.</p>
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substrate

The reactant molecule upon which an enzyme acts

<p>The reactant molecule upon which an enzyme acts</p>
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active site

Location on enzyme which binds a particular molecule (called its substrate).

<p>Location on enzyme which binds a particular molecule (called its substrate).</p>